tarding lead.
SecondIslamdom: ?rst the single state empire of the Ummayads
and early Abbasidsthen the multistate commonwealth of the later
Abbasids and their successorsArabicIranianTurkish and Berber.
Next to China Islamdom was the greatest economic growth area of
the Dark/Light ages. It washowevera forced hot-house growth with
shallow rootsachieved by the resynthesis of assets which already
existed rather than by their creation. Moreover it was inhibited in its
heartlands by a low ceiling in the key energy resource of timber.
Here early Islamdom was favoured by the cooler and wetter natural
environmentwhose moisture provided more trees for construction
fuelworkshops and shipyardsas well as refreshing the parched lands
to the south and east of the Mediterranean. In human ecologyif the
argument given above is correctIslamdom was relatively immune
from the demographic ravages of smallpox. While it suffered from
those of the ?rst plague pandemicit was in a position to use its
economic opportunitiescoming as it did from the Fertile Crescent
where labour was always scarce and developing high consumer
expectations as it conquered. With regard to the motors of growth
the Islamic ummasaw territorial expansion unm,
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