| Back to logs list
Reprinted from 93935976 at 13:07 on December 4th, 2010 Read (loading. ..) Comments (0) Category: Personal Diary
1, first of all should be familiar with the tender documents and drawings of it, this time to note that there is relatively rare in the materials and processes, if any, should be ready as soon as the price of their materials or subcontract price.
2, then I usually collect material prices, mainly of bulk materials. Such as the commercial concrete and steel, cement prices (note that the factors to consider tax), the price of bricks, here is to see the tender should pay attention to the requirements of the contract, if the total price of the contract, then we are not just looking at the price, also concerned about the trend of the material, this time to ask more long-term cooperation with some of our material suppliers, they are better informed of material price information. Many years of business experience makes them sensitive materials market. We would also pay more attention to relevant national policies,
cheap timberland boots, that is, the trend of the environment. If in the north there is the case, many cities are engineered materials business monopoly of the local underworld, so the price should be higher than the average market price. In short: this off to little thought. Or else to be a big mistake,
timberland kids, ah, leave another note margin ah.
3, the next step is to identify those artificial prices, in fact, we all know, civil works, installation of fixed labor costs in the workers who clean people are not willing to do the boss, because too low a thing:), in accordance with the now more common cleared by the contracting team are packages of services, according to concrete work, painting work, Gangjin Gong, carpentry several sub-types. If you have long-term team, allowing them to look after the drawings give us a quote, this thing they are reported in general very accurate, according to my experience. Concrete Engineering general framework of the main phase of the general is 35 yuan / m2 or so, including the Foundation of concrete,
timberland boots uk, fill the wall (usually based on gross floor area by floor), Gangjin Gong 280 a ton with ligation wire, paint is usually 30 yuan / m2 about 30 per carpentry / sq. Note: The different characteristics of each project, quality requirements, schedule requirements are different, the price fluctuations, such as to create glass works, masonry wood prices higher, high-rise shear wall wood prices and the price to be heightened Gangjin Gong, less of the plant wall, masons price can be reduced. Mason commercial concrete projects to reduce prices. Speed up the project duration, the larger changes in wood prices. Live with less experience or fresh graduates do not make to the peer, multi-line construction site workers to ask (especially the kind of work package cleared a former construction workers) or the construction project manager, they are more line.
4, the next is calculated quantities, and this job is very simple nothing to say, is this: overall terms, with less!
5, followed by the group of integrated unit, which also affect the bid or not the relevant key step, especially when many of the works have already started a list of quotations, the price risk on our construction unit is more important. This thing must be based on price information and materials have been investigated to the artificial price (sharing the inside.)
6, measured integrated unit. Engineering child a lot, but accounted for most of the cost of several items on it, I usually measure these few items: concrete,
timberland boots sale, steel, outside the frame, the template (Measures charge), floor tiles, wall decoration, such as hanging high. Here I talk about the above process a few individual:
1) Concrete: Each unit is nothing more than a mechanical three large artificial materials (such as management fees and other terms), artificial words in my last one said: not as fixed on the labor costs, as allowed, and labor costs separately according to the total calculation of clear public price. Machinery costs by the total configuration of the scene by the total duration of mechanical equipment total cost (depreciation or rental) unified computing, mechanical artificial matter, and because the contract workers are normally included in the Qing. We only considered a material fee is enough. To C25 concrete example: the other works by the same materials of local origin at the same level the ratio of cement sand cement content to see how much, if not, you can look to the laboratory location of the project, because the level of gradation generally single higher than the actual design level, but also the material conditions near the location of the project, the survey to get a clear idea in the tender. If it is then mixed concrete even simpler. Analysis by graded gravel the entire amount of the cement works, pay attention: what not to sub-slab column what, as long as the analysis of concrete are placed here! Well, after
analysis is conducted on the concrete analysis of the loss: the loss we all know the amount of concrete is usually 3%, but we have not noticed: concrete with steel bar calculation is less volume, while the steel weighting 7.85t/m3, that is a 10000m2 project, according to the amount of 50kg/m2 of steel, then there is 500 tons of steel, that accounts for 64m3 reinforced concrete, this 64m3 of concrete can be used to complete a 300m2 common frame structure of a standard layer ah! So much wasted your concrete enough? ? ? ? Oh, do not get too excited,
timberland uk, the construction of the volume loss and offset steel, but there is loss of: Do you think feeding your car can give sufficient amount of it? Impossible! 97% at most to you. But it does not matter, there is still one ah construction units: floor 12cm, national specification allows +-5mm, one floor down and you can calculate by how much the state allows the scope of introspection? Going around, is to make you a better understanding of the actual situation on the project. I usually take 1% of the loss of concrete enough.
content ratio of concrete are known, the results of the survey materials multiplied by the price you like it!
2) steel: steel is the case, if the material is not pumping the case of fixed content can be provisional estimate. Completion or progress payments to pay the same period adjustment. With the concrete: Mechanical fees being whether labor costs, counting only the cost of materials, the key is set loss, the actual loss is 1% in! ! ! And recommendations given in the contract and reinforced team put the 1% loss surely die! Even if he had super:) because of practical, scientific and reasonable under the material and feed, 1% mention the loss of control. Works out the amount, combined with the material you know its price trend (with the total contract) multiplied it wants to.
3) outer shelf: outer frame of the measurement is relatively complicated, because it involves the construction design and erection of national norms, and local safety requirements of monitoring stations. You know, Anhui and Zhejiang erection asked not to be the same, Hangzhou and Ningbo, the erection specification also different in urban and rural areas are not the same asked erection. But generally the same. Ha ha. I find this is generally measured by spacing 1500mm, a toe bar to count a bar down the middle.
perimeter of external walls of buildings and works under the general schedule on demand programming the amount of steel fasteners, this step is the construction of familiar friends, not difficult. Rent 0.014 yuan per meter pipe, a fastening 0.008 yuan per ton of 250 meters 48 * 3.5 steel tube, with 180-200 per tonne of steel a fastener enough. With these data, give you a
such estimates may have friends that have no need for an external frame? I tell you: it outside the frame for the construction units have a lot of effect, we suffer the experience of the outer shelf is difficult to forget! As fixed by the calculation of floor area allowed on, and this kind of thing is a magic weapon for the construction units: Party outstanding payments if the negotiations do not talk down,
timberland boots, I'll split outer frame, the right party crackdown is great, because it is undoubtedly told him that we fight a protracted war, while the split and not split, we must consider the cost of the outer frame. Oh, a little beside the point.
3) floor tiles, the simple fact that labor costs machinery costs (it is not too mechanical) General quality requirements of 13 yuan / m2, floor tiles in the cost estimates the price that you learned before. The cost of cement sand 6-8 million is enough is enough.
4) painting: This is the same, general labor costs 30 yuan / building area m2. As for the materials to do 4-5 million mid-level 20-30mm plaster enough. Labor costs 4 yuan by painting a square of area.
5) wall hanging: the requirements and design and the Party has a lot of material, the clear premise to find a home construction professional to do this team a quote on the line ah.
6) doors and windows: The best way is to find windows and doors factory to you quote, huh, huh!
7) template measures Fee: This fee I usually press the Workers clear the price of one has said, labor and materials of the frame structure is generally around 65, anyway, is basically a clear public price * 2. However, to consider the duration, or if the tight time schedule to be more prepared for a large span of two templates, a corresponding increase in the price. If the wall or a structural transition layer also increased. Additional rent in combination with conventional steel fasteners with reference to support programs outside the frame calculation method.
With more than a few major items
, the total cost to impartial gone, the other small items directly on the difference between fixed and adjusted just fine. This is also consistent with
count the amount of software used in a very short time a number of important projects (such as steel, concrete, and other large items), or can be measured.
imbalance can not use the quantities for quotation, the bidder offer the level of inventory to be improved, unbalanced bid at least two points to make:
1, according to project the expected increase or decrease the amount of the adjustments;
2, larger pre-priced items that can get the money back out of the list, quotes, and then in the lowest bid. Within three months after winning on the quantities of the doubt, and then signed a lump-sum contract. This is easier to control the cost of Party A, of course, the quality of the list so that a relatively high demand.
another: strict control of the party tendering the time, the construction side is difficult to balance the use of engineering content to offer.
bar, you want to within 1% loss is not easy, nor is it a man can do, even if you use the software, the software turned out turned out according to specifications is the amount of realistic? Civil engineering in the concrete and steel that he did not earn, what you tell him where the profit?
男子强迫女友卖淫赚取生活费被捕|昆山到齐齐哈尔苏州
Linear Mode
