Introduction of several mutual rechargeable batter

With the popularity of digital utensils, rechargeable batteries in people's annual life is everywhere, as an of the essential journal essentials. New curriculum standards in high educate physics elective module 2-1 explicitly necessitate students to But likewise In this paper, 3 mutual rechargeable battery make a terse presentation.
1, the chief parameters of rechargeable batteries rechargeable battery
five main parameters: battery capacity, nominal voltage, internal resistance, discharge termination voltage and charge termination voltage. The capacity of the battery from the battery to resolve the amount of reactive material, usually milliamperes (mAh) said, 1 000 mAh is able to discharge present 1 A 1 h, converted to contained in the charge of nearly 3 600 C. Positive and negative electrical potential distinction between the titular voltage as the battery. Nominal voltage by the electrode materials, electrode potential and electrolyte concentration in the internal determination. When the ambient temperature, work status changes, a delicate change in the output voltage of the battery; In addition, the battery output voltage and remaining battery charge there is a definite relationship. Under normal circumstances cell nickel-cadmium battery titular voltage is 1.3 V (usually considered about 1.25 V), Ni-MH battery cell 1.25 V, cell lithium-ion battery 3.6 V. Battery internal resistance and the resistance by the ion electrode impedance decided to charge and discharge process, the plate resistance is unchanged, but the ion present with the electrolyte resistance will increase or reduce the concentration of charged ions and alteration. In general, the internal resistance of nickel-cadmium battery cells for the 7 ~ 19 mΩ,Lacoste UK, the internal resistance of Ni-MH battery element is 18 ~ 35 mΩ, the internal resistance of lithium-ion battery cells for the 80 ~ 100 mΩ.
rechargeable battery is fully charged, the maximum active substances embark has reached the saturation point, and then proceed charging, the battery voltage does not mushroom, then known for the charge termination voltage of the voltage. Cell nickel-cadmium battery charge termination voltage of 1.75 ~ 1.8 V, Ni-MH battery 1.5 V, lithium-ion battery is 4.2 V. Battery discharge termination voltage is the minimum allowable discharge voltage. If the voltage is lower than the discharge termination voltage to the battery to discharge, the battery voltage will drip rapidly at either ends to manner a deep discharge, so that the resultant formation of plates in the natural charge is not simple to be recovered, thus affecting the battery life. Discharge termination voltage and the discharge rate, generally speaking, compartment nickel-cadmium battery discharge termination voltage of 1.1 V, Ni-MH battery is 1 V, lithium-ion battery is 2.7 V.
2, nickel-cadmium batteries (Ni-Cd)
nickel-cadmium battery cathode material for nickel hydroxide and a medley of graphite, anode material for the sponge-like cadmium powder and cadmium oxide abrasive, the electrolyte is usually hydrogen oxide and sodium alternatively potassium hydroxide solution. It is notable namely nickel-cadmium battery during overcharge, the battery will grant the water decomposition response, the assured and negate panel will have oxygen and hydrogen precipitation. Gathered by the panel surface of the bubble, will dilute the plate surface in the place of ​​chemical reaction and boost the battery's interior resistance. These gases, if it were not for rapidly compound into water, the battery internal oppression will addition significantly, which will damage the battery, so the pressure is too colossal, sealed battery will melodrama open pores, so that the electrolyte oven; whether repeated along placing stomatal oven gas, the electrolyte viscosity will boost, the transportation of ions among the plates becomes difficult,Lacoste Trainers 2010, the battery's internal resistance will significantly increase the battery capacity decline.
nickel-cadmium battery process, if it were not for all is done and electricity started to dictate, expel, afterward time, we can not release all the charge. For instance, nickel-cadmium battery charge only 80% of the quantity released afterward the beginning of charging,Lacoste Finham SPM Trainers, fully charged, the battery tin only charge 80% of the original release, a phenomenon phoned Appeared in some of the main discharge voltage is set too tall end devices, each battery is not fully discharged, the appliance will automatically shut down, so the battery will be serious long-term fewer. , resulting in a rebate of lively materials among the battery.
nickel-cadmium batteries were the 1st used in mobile phones, notebook computers and additional equipment, the battery type, it is resistance to charging and discharging capacity and simple livelihood. But compared to nickel-metal hydride batteries and lithium ion batteries in terms of a lot of disadvantages, such as: the charging and discharging process if necessary handled properly, there will be serious Battery is not profitable to environment protection and so aboard. The disadvantage of many nickel-cadmium batteries has been made the elementary applying of digital devices excluded.
3 nickel-metal hydride battery (Ni-H)
Ni-MH battery capacity than nickel-cadmium batteries large, usually about twice that of its main components of the positive nickel hydroxide, the negative electrode alloy of mainly non-polluting substances powder, 30% KOH electrolyte solution. Nickel-metal hydride batteries and nickel cadmium batteries similar to the reaction, over-charging, the positive plate of oxygen precipitation, precipitation of hydrogen negative plate. However, due to large area of ​​the catalyst of the hydrogen electrode, hydrogen can readily spread to the hydrogen electrode surface, so the hydrogen and oxygen can be relatively lightly re-combine to form water inside the battery, so that the gas pressure inside the container essentially unchanged. Even so, long after the overcharge, the battery inside the pressure is too high,Womens Lacoste Trainers New, it may burst.
Ni-MH battery has memories effect, but relatively small nickel-cadmium batteries. Ni-MH battery or nickel cadmium battery memory effect can generally be put through several deep charge deep to soften. Deep discharge battery voltage should normally put into the terminal voltage underneath the battery is generally for a single 1 V or less, but not too low, otherwise it will cause greater permanent damage. Best not to use home-made equipment for depth of discharge, primarily with a wire and a small bulb to discharge the battery positive and negative means of interlocking more desirable because it can not control the discharge voltage, low voltage will seriously damage the battery. Recommended discharge with overcharge protection functions and equipment to carry out deep charge and deep discharge.
Ni-MH battery internal resistance,Lacoste Shua Lace Trainers, for high current discharge, discharge voltage changed very tiny; and easy recycling of used batteries, and have the fewest damage to the environment; its prices and amounts low, as the DC power afford is an highly high quality batteries. Ni-MH battery can be the main pillar for the production of rechargeable batteries, the clock, electronic games, digital cameras, camcorders and notebook computers have some application.
4 lithium batteries (Li)
lithium into two categories: non-rechargeable and rechargeable. Non-rechargeable batteries as disposable batteries, it can only be a one-time chemical vigor into electrical stamina, electrical energy can not be restored back to chemical energy, such as lithium manganese dioxide batteries. Rechargeable batteries as secondary, which is commonly known as lithium-ion battery (Li-Ion). Lithium-ion battery cathode of lithium-containing transition metal oxides, carbon anode is a material such as graphite, the electrolyte is one alphabetical solution embodying lithium salt. Both positive and negative cells or in the battery separator, the lithium ions in the form are to exist. Batteries at go, the lithium ion in the positive and negative electrodes and electrolyte membrane in the directional manoeuvre. When the battery is charging, the cathode of lithium ion to the electrolyte release, this process is de-embedded; negative ion from the electrolyte in the breath, the process is embedded. The battery discharge process and the position is reversed, this time charging and discharging the lithium ion intercalation and deintercalation from the process as favor a rocking preside swinging, it was the picture of said lithium-ion battery as a
lithium-ion batteries and nickel cadmium batteries and nickel-metal hydride battery, has many advantages. Lithium-ion battery memory efficacy does not exist; the same capacity, the volume is very small; use voltage of 3.6 V, is the nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel metal hydride batteries 3 times; can be used in broad temperature scope (-20 ℃ ~ 60 ℃) , and Ni-MH battery (0 ℃ ~ 50 ℃). While lithium-ion battery self-discharge rate is relatively cheap. Self-discharge rate refers to the period of time, do not use the battery in case of loss of power automatically percentage of total capacity. Usually at room temperature, nickel-cadmium batteries self-discharge rate of 13% to 15% per month, nickel-metal hydride batteries for 25% to 35% per month, while the lithium-ion battery is only 5% to 8% per month.
lithium-ion batteries, merely there are some unfavorable locations. Such as: lithium-ion batteries have life, normally two annuals, and do not use the state in the storeroom phase of period, some of its capacity will be permanently lost. Lithium-ion battery anode matter from the plant has already begun its failure in history,Womens Lacoste Observe Trainers, alter temperature and battery fully charged state, its impact is assorted from Table 1 file (capacitance accounts because the remaining ratio of the elemental capacity) of col.

Thus, the higher the storage temperature and battery charge and the more full, more caustic detriment of its capacity. So I do not suggest long-term preservation of lithium-ion batteries, the batteries if the hands are idle, then the stored charge class should not exceed 40%, the best temperature lower than 15 ℃ or less. The nickel-metal hydride batteries and nickel-cadmium battery is almost free from aging effects of long-term storage of nickel-based batteries charge during the deep discharge after a few deep can be restored to its original capacity of the. But deep charge deep discharge can not be restored the capacity of lithium-ion battery and will occasion permanent damage to the positive and negative. From the molecular class, the extravagant discharge of carbon anode will guide to excessive release of lithium ions, causing structural breakdown of its layers, too many will over-charging lithium ion hard to go into negative carbon building, and makes some lithium-ion can not longer be released.
when lithium-ion battery charge and discharge times to only 400 to 600, specially modified products, but 800 times. The nickel-metal hydride rechargeable battery is generally proficient to reach more than 700 times, some agreeable quality products, charge and discharge up to 1 200 times.
because of the many advantages of lithium-ion battery is quite optimistic approximately its prospects, effectively in digital cameras, camcorders, mobile calls, PDA, notebook microcomputer as a power source. Current lithium-ion battery research field is to be secondhand in conveyances, cordless automobiles or gasoline is made and used in hybrid electric vehicles. Same time, people also develop a real sense of the solid-state lithium batteries, lithium-ion battery completely cede the organic fluid, so that the most secure and authentic lithium batteries