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Old 04-24-2011, 05:46 PM   #1
obur40441
 
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Default 贪杯不仅伤肝更伤肺!

经常酗酒者易伤胃伤肝,这是多数人熟悉的常识。殊不知,以酒为浆还会对呼吸道造成极大的损害,易患肺部感染 性疾病,尤其是肺结核发病率高。有关统计资料表明,常饮酒者肺结核的患病率比不饮酒者高9倍。德国学者研究 报告,中欧结核病患者中酒徒占20%~50%,北美占全部新病人50%;而在住院病人中,中欧占40%,美 国占10%~90%。
贪杯为何会祸害肺部呢?我们知道,正常人的呼吸道有完善的生理屏障,如在气管支气管的内膜表气面,密布着纤 毛上皮细胞,每个细胞表面又长出二百多根六至七微米长的纤毛。在纤毛的上面覆盖着一层薄薄的“黏液毯”,纤 毛很有规律地作着波浪形的拍击运动,“黏液毯”也随之向上移动着,空气经过时,极细尘粒、细菌等便粘附在“ 黏液毯”上,随着纤毛的运动运送至气管的上端,成为痰液,借助咳嗽将痰咳出去。气管支气管里的这一黏液—— 纤毛运载系统,又将空气彻底地进行滤过净化,对维护内环境的洁净和肺部的健康起着举足轻重的作用。经常酗酒 可损伤呼吸道黏膜,使纤毛运动减弱,气道自洁作用下降,肺泡通气不良。尤其是酒可抑制肺部巨噬细胞的吞噬功 能,使病菌得以兴风作浪。而且,酒精在体内约有5%未被氧化需经肺排出体外,这样又会刺激呼吸道,加剧对气 管和肺的损害而降低防御功能。长期酗酒的人还易导致支气管扩张。有关专家通过观察发现,醉酒者极易打鼾,此 时由于舌根后坠,咽峡和软腭松弛,鼾声隆隆中可将口腔内的食物残渣及口咽部的病菌吸入呼吸道内。醉酒者的气 管、支气管平滑肌张力减弱,气道黏膜对痰液和异物刺激的敏感性降低,因而使咳嗽这一保护性机制也大大削弱, 难以及时将痰液及病菌清除出去,水宜生水杯价格,从而引起支气管和肺部感染。
研究发现,经常酗酒者的细胞免疫受损严重,感染上肺结核后,病情大多较难控制,病灶易扩散,给治疗带来困难 。特别是肺结核病人,因要用抗痨药物治疗,如饮酒可加重毒副反应。如服用异烟肼仍饮酒,易发生头晕头痛、恶 心呕吐、心慌气短,甚至出现高血压危象、心肌梗死、脑出因等而危及生命。服用利福平如不戒酒,可加剧肝损害 。酒还能增加环丝氨酸对神经系统的毒性,并引起癫痫发作,影响治疗和康复。
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