2001 2 (Total 111) Hits: 554
(Fujian Normal University of Science and Technology, Fuzhou, 350007)
Abstract: Freud Theory of the Growth of Personality pregnant with a wealth of Mental Health Education. This paper describes the growth of Freud's personality theory, and learn from their children's positive mental health education revelation: First, the initial optimization of Character and situation; the second is the establishment of a healthy psychological defense mechanisms; Third, advocacy for children's games, attention to emotional guidance; Fourth, the characteristics of construction suitable for children age of moral values.
Key words: B844 1 Document code: A Article ID :1000-5285 (2001) 02-0133-05
With the growth of the modern changes in social patterns, social patterns in future of a higher quality of people's requirements. Generation of the next century, not only have good quality intelligence, but also to have a healthy mental and moral quality. Therefore, the attention and enhance children's mental health education has become one of the themes of contemporary education. Elucidation of the Austrian scientist Sigmund energy? Freud (Sigmund? Freud ,1856-1939) theory of personality development in the history of personality psychology plays a decisive role. Freud's theory of personality development gave birth to a wealth of mental health education ideas, learn from Freud's theory of personality development, we can help to understand the factors that affect the mental health of children, and effective implementation of child mental health education.
one, Freud's theory of personality development
Freud was the founder of psychological dynamics. Psychodynamic theory emphasizes the unconscious psychological conflicts in the field of child mental health and the damage caused by the role of psychological abnormalities. Freud considered normal behavior and abnormal behavior reflects the difference between the degrees of difference rather than the category of difference, psychologically healthy people are those who try to walk through the process of growth will be an effective strategy of doing things to minimize the internal psychological conflicts level of people.
Freud from the subconscious, preconscious, conscious of the vertical level of the personality structure is divided into Iraq at the end (the I), ego and superego. I usually catch this as a matter instinctive desire to seek way out part of the personality structure; self refers to the positive control character, look and learn the function; super I mean a person learned in the process of growth in the moral ideal of social form precepts and norms.
1, biological needs, if needs are not met, there will be anxiety, but also the desire to obtain pleasure and to meet the requirements of more strong in Iraq will fall under the impetus of the end of arm problems, pain and frustration to get to meet, or can only be an illusion reduce the severity.
2, self (real me): the self is differentiated by the I out, is a reality of the me. Self is the relationship between Iran and the outside end of regulators, it has to meet the needs of the end in Iraq, but also to avoid the violation of norms of social form, moral norms and law. Yi Shi self is no longer follow the themselves satisfied. Self is the rational part of personality structure, its tasks are: feelings of external reality, and understanding of reality, to adapt to reality, internal hard management instincts and desires excitement catharsis.
3, superego (moral me): Super I grew up from the self part of the personality and ideals of some of the highest level, is the moral of the self. From the formation of the order of view, it is the formation of personality structure in the final section. It follow the
Freud, have a strong and healthy self-personality, the reality of self to be from the same end in Iraq, the reality and three super-ego pressure to maintain homeostasis if the three , people will be able to maintain mental health. If the imbalance can be caused by psychological conflicts, and even abnormal psychology. According to Freud's view, the majority of human behavior is the result of psychological conflicts. Since the end of Iraq and the superego in the conflicts in the subconscious mind is not a harmonic, when used in a rational manner is not relieved from the anxiety caused by such conflicts, often non-rational self-psychological defense mechanism to tamper with or distort the reality, so that Iraq at the end and the superego are met. Occasional use of psychological defense mechanism to make people to maintain psychological balance, but excessive use of these mechanisms, but damage to its effective functioning, and even more people into frustration or conflict.
Second, Freud's theory of personality development on the mental health Education
Freud the basic dynamic behavior of people placed in the context of the human instinct to assert that people All action is the pursuit of happiness, or meet the needs of the organism. He too stressed that biological factors influence the formation of personality, over-emphasized the role of instinct and unconscious, ignoring the dirty in the human consciousness of the important regulatory role, this is Freud's theory of personality development one of the main disadvantages of beetles. However, Freud's psychology and behavior of the dynamic aspects of exclusion in a new field, first put forward by the mental symptoms are not always physiological and anatomical structure of the brain damage caused, inner psychological conflicts Conflict can also result in abnormal psychology, so that psychologists study the physiological process itself turned from abnormal behavior of the power and content. Freud's theory of personality development of children we learn from the way mental health education has a positive inspiration.
(a) to optimize the initial conditions of personality built
personality, is one of the internal physiological and psychological characteristics of externalization is to cope with in handling and performance of the external conflict between people quality, ability and character of the basic features. Healthy personality is the embodiment of mental health, childhood education, the future of personality formation and perfection of character of great significance.
childhood experience of Freud stressed the importance of the formation of personality, personal life that are not fortunate to live in their past experience, especially experience of childhood to find the root causes that most mental illness patients, study its causes, is often the situation can be traced back to childhood and education factors. Freud discussed the importance of early experience focused on children to meet the biological needs and frustrations, these need to be pushed to meet the appropriate smooth growth of adult cells, while the over-indulgence and setbacks are fixed at a certain stage of children and producing cell damage at birth. In childhood, Iraq at the end, ego and superego conflicts between the patience and strength depends on the child's educational status and dependents of persons, education, attitude, sympathetic support, care and reasonable care for the parents of the children trained with good at dealing with conflicting desires, thoughts, little use of destructive psychological defense mechanisms; the contrary, the use of punishment, the parents of over-limit method of training children to be excessive use of psychological defense mechanisms, could lead to psychological disorders. From Freud's theory, we believe that optimization of Character and the length of the initial conditions always important.
shijiazi the initial situation of children growing up, the initial formation of the personality characteristics of children with initial education shijiazi great relationship. Have information to tell the truth, children, symptoms such as energy, enuresis, anorexia and other neurological organ dysfunction; emotional and volatile, fear, scared of Health and other mood disorders; biting, pulling hair, and other bad habits; aggressive, disruptive behavior problems such as varying degrees, and shijiazi initial rearing conditions are directly related. The survey also found that social patterns deviate from the psychological development of children and parents, educational level, educational attitudes, educational methods, shijiazi atmosphere involved. Therefore, shijiazi on the mental health promotion and maintenance of special influence.
form a good shijiazi situation, it is necessary to create a healthy and harmonious shijiazi atmosphere. A shijiazi, the child at home in the early years after the establishment to create a real, emotional blend of interpersonal relationships is essential, children living in such a shijiazi will feel happy and safe to to take over others and themselves, it may be buried deep in the breathtaking journey through the process of serious and disturbing the normal channels to vent. In early childhood, if due to various reasons why, the child emotionally distant parents, the results will make it a fundamental denial of self, feeling anxious, aloof and self-esteem. To this end, the children growing up, parents not only to their children and more children use their feelings caress. Freud believed that a loved one to take over full, the future must be a healthy personality, to love, a sense of independence, responsibility for self-realization type of character. To this end, parents should respect children's nature, are concerned about the performance rather than forcing the subordination of children should be given full freedom to let children grow up in freedom. The second is to improve the quality of the personality of enlightenment. Freud believes that to solve the problems facing the beginning of character education educators must make a systematic exposition of the training effort. Form of life in modern society who, due to the accelerated rhythm of life and work, brain and other parts of the body's high-speed operation, often produce very heavy psychological heavy feeling, the stress, sense of loss, depression and mood swings sense, these conditions must is a journey through the process of various channels, To this end, parents should learn to self-adjust to eliminate the serious psychological and improve the quality of their own personality to cope with the situation in a variety of changes. Parents shape their personality and psychological adjustment of no fixed pattern, but learn to show mercy on others things easy-going, but the calculation does not easily produce mood swings, good and not so anxious to face the reality and the aim too high, good from adversity or setbacks self-liberation, to humor, life skills, etc., are good in the people adjust to the best state of mind, and thus the formation of personality of children have a positive impact.
(b) the establishment of a healthy psychological defense mechanism
how to develop children's healthy personality, Freud's theory of defense mental health we provide a new way of education. Freud, self-defense mechanism is to meet its my drive, superego and external reality of the pressure requirements of the psychological measures and defensive means to reduce and relieve serious psychological, and seek inner balance. In life and learning, the individual will often experience the frustration realize that this is the normal signs of frustration and can barely afford to maintain personal integrity and mental equilibrium, which is the performance of mental health. Experiencing the frustration, the frustration of individual needs to find ways to adapt to situations, to achieve and maintain the people and circumstances and the inner world of the balance. To alleviate the psychological conflicts and setbacks, the individual may consciously or unconsciously using some of the troubled release mechanism to restore emotional stability, such a mechanism or strategy of psychological defense mechanism is called, it is an adaptive tendency of the behavior of the resulting , known as a defensive behavior. Freud, psychological defense mechanism is to reduce and relieve anxiety and irrational way, they are unconscious, individuals often use it unconsciously, but they are often altered or distorted reality. For example, in the psychological defense mechanism, defense mechanism to suppress the most basic, it makes people feel disturbing or painful thoughts, desires, knowledge or experience of care outside the domain block. Freud, the individual memory of the painful experience or a recognized form of excitement for the community to be suppressed, but they do not disappear, but only by the state of consciousness into the realm of the unconscious, care about being hidden under the control of consciousness, have a chance, they will escape and affect people's behavior. Also, if too many hidden subconscious painful experience and the suppressed excitement, more than the sense of ability to manage,
NHL Jersey, then the individual's personal integrity will be destroyed. Visible, although the psychological defense mechanism a positive role, that can temporarily relieve my pain and anxiety, but also have some negative effect. This is because most psychological defense mechanisms and defensive behavior are negative psychological adaptation methods, such as to avoid contradictions, cover up the contradictions, self-deception, and potential psychological conflict is not resolved, they will gradually accumulate more people into frustration or conflict situations among the adaptation of the surrounding circumstances. To do this, set up to help children mature psychological defense mechanism.
Many studies tell the truth, psychological constitution is low, the individual personality is not perfect, easy to use unhealthy defense mechanisms, and high psychological constitution, personality and improve individual, the more use of health defense mechanisms ① ②. What is a healthy defense mechanism, we believe that only if both relieve pain and can adapt to the meat case is a healthy defense mechanism, the most important is Positive idea of adaptation can not only alleviate the problems caused by conflict or frustration and anxiety, but also people to achieve self-improvement, self-fulfilling situation. Conceiving two positive aspects of adaptation: one of the main face reality and admit frustration, frustration generated objectively elucidate the subjective and objective reasons why, take the initiative to adjust and improve the existing behavior, improve problem-solving abilities, efforts to overcome setbacks, or suffered setbacks after the lessons learned, honed, sincerity and the establishment of self-confidence, positive attitude greeted further conflict or frustration. Second, the transformation of the main body of the situation. Efforts to create conditions to overcome and change all the bad luck factor in the case. For example, the role of sublimation is often a positive approach to adaptation. When some instinct or desire is not only a sense of excitement which can not be taken over, and because the legal and social form of ethics or contrary, to be purified and they can be improved to become a noble pursuit in order to maintain psychological balance, so the idea of sublimation by the setback, so their success is still met.
(c) advocacy for children's games, attention to emotional guidance
mood, refers to the individual broad relevance of objective things, the attitude of experience understanding their needs, the narrow sense refers to a short and intense situational awareness of inner experience, such as anger, sadness, fear and so on. Conceiving of human emotions in many physiological and psychological level of integration with other mental processes have extensive contacts. Of confession, emotions affect individual mental health, mental abnormality caused a major intermediary link. This is because the physical, psychological and other factors change, and conditions caused by stimulation of various emotional reactions that can lead to organ Conceiving nervous system and endocrine system, including changes in the biochemical system, so that the body, mental schemes and behavior also occurred in response change. Good mood reflects the deeds the central nervous organ system coordination, it can make the body and mind are in a positive health status, individual behaviors contribute to adaptation and mental health. In contrast, negative emotions will make the children's understanding of the psychological experience of loss of balance, can also cause physiological disorders. To this end, to protect, encourage positive emotional agitation, divert, eliminate negative emotions.
game is to set up positive emotions, negative emotions the way to adjust. Freud thought that games have subconscious elements, the game is to hide the truth of things in the fantasy of the real thing under the game to compensate the child can not be achieved in real life wish, to imagine things and the reality of things in the link, and derive happiness. Games can barely afford that are hard to reproduce the experience of understanding, catharsis and emotional expression, alleviate psychological serious, so that children can overcome the difficulties, reduced anxiety, self-force growth, which can cope with the reality of the situation. Kindergarten education in our practice, we have freedom of voluntary recognition, interest, assumed the characteristics of a children's play, the game adapt to the needs of children and their physical and mental growth levels and therefore can feel satisfied and happy children, children in the game no external limit, there is no strict procedures and methods, you can perhaps relaxed, positive deeds, to enrich the performance of their own, personal desire to achieve. They walk through the process of manipulation of material, the circumstances in which restraint, appreciate their own strength, obtained from a successful and enjoyable experience to create awareness. Improve the overall personality is formed in the exchanges, especially in dealings spontaneous game, children walk through the process on the tour is the understanding and implementation of magic, walk through the course of the game in the process of conflict and mutual assistance to promote children's experience the law of justice and mutual understanding, learn to stand on the position of others, understand the problem, learn to take over the way others can perhaps deal with the problem, which are good at building a sound personality. To this end, we must have a clear game is the rights of children, and efforts to create a good game and to allow children to independently choose the game, the decision rule of the game, material, and role in the game to get their own satisfaction and healthy growth.
(d) construction suitable for children age characteristics of the moral values
Freud, and the situation of children in the exchanges, not only the growth of the right and what is wrong, you can perhaps make the identification of right and wrong, this is the personality of the How to grow the health of children
moral values and meaning of ethics is the essential characteristic of the reflection. People's moral values, not the mind naturally inherent or innate human moral values to go through from scratch, from shallow to deep process of the formation and growth. The initial moral values of children in daily life is based on the performance of the attitude of adults to understand. To others such as children's toys for himself and the criticism by adults, so children know how to grab other people's things is wrong. As children grow older and the expansion of the scope of interpersonal communication, adult morality gradually absorbed them and asked them to form according to certain requirements and specifications to social action. However, teaching children from the adult form of social norms or moral significance for the requirements, but also the lack of practical experience, knowledge and better understanding. To this end, beginning of moral knowledge to teach children and children must adapt to the mental age characteristics. Education must, according to the characteristics of children's moral understanding, the choice of a large number of specific moral situation, the content of morality is, walk through the process of storytelling, read nursery rhymes, look at pictures, empathy training, in the form of lively and reflected to the children, explain requirements and the real meaning of behavior, and walk through the process of practice and practice, and gradually the child several times in the general moral order, based on a preliminary moral values. Second, we must pay attention to the child based on real life dealings and contacts. In real life, children, contacts with partners in the process, often encounter problems, resulting in For example, only one toy, but how do two people want to play, children start reaching for trends in the approach taken to meet their own needs, but often have been partners resist or refuse. Then children will change their tactics in favor of Such practical exchanges, can help children experience the knowledge and understanding of the social form of concentrate from the life of adult basic norms or moral values. Only walk through the process of awareness and understanding of such experience, derived from the external input of the norms or teaching the concept to guide the children in the real action, the role of children's behavior. Children is such a wealth of social forms in the practice of growing and increasingly complex relationships, and gradually complete the self-Personality.
① Cuixin Jia, Yan Wenwei
② Li Ning, Tu Stars
Reference
[1] Lin Jing. Freudian theory of personality development and comparison Eriksson [J]. Fujian Normal University (Philosophy and Social Science), 1988 ⑷: 125-132. [2] Jiaxiong Zhu. Education Health [M]. masses Education Press, 1998.
Author: Lin Jing (1962 -), female, Fujian, Fuzhou, Fujian Normal University Science and Technology Vice-taught. Received date :2000-09-04
Fujian Normal University (Philosophy and Social Formation Science) 2001 2 (Total 111) JOURNALOFFUJIANTEACHERSUNIVERSITY (Phellolosophyan dSocialSciencesEdition) No 2,2001 General, No 111
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