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Old 05-30-2011, 06:19 AM   #1
kodybyan64ap
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Default 物态的分类

  
物态的分类1.固态  严格地说,物理上的固态应该指“结晶态”,也就是各种各样晶体所具有的状态。最常见 的晶体是食盐(化学成份是氯化钠,化学符号是NaCl)。你拿一粒食盐观察(最好是粗制盐),可以看到它由 许多立方形晶体构成。假如你到地质博物馆还可以看到许多色彩、外形各异的规则晶体,十分英俊。物质在固态时 的突出特点是有一定的体积和几何形状,在不同方向上物理性质可以不同(称为“各向异性”);有一定的熔点, 就是熔化时温度不变。
    在固体中,分子或原子有规则地周期性排列着,就像我们全部做操时,人与人之间都等间隔地排列一样。 每个人在一定位置上运动,ghd iv hair styler,就像每个分子或原子在各自固定的位置上作振动一样。我们将晶体的这种结构称为“空间点阵”结构。2.液态   液体有流动性,把它放在什么形状的容器中它就有什么形状。此外与固体不同,液体还有“各向同性”特点( 不同方向上物理性质雷同),这是因为,物体由固态变成液态的时候,因为温度的升高使得分子或原子运动激烈, 而不可能再 坚持原来的固定位置,于是就产生了流动。但这时分子或原子间的吸引力还比拟大,使它们不会疏散阔别,于是液 体仍有一定的体积。实际上,在液体内部许多小的区域仍存在类似晶体的结构――“类晶区”。流动性是“类晶区 ”彼此间可以移动形成的。我们打个比方,在柏油路上送行的“车流”,每辆汽车内的人是有固定位置的一个“类 晶区”,而车与车之间可以相对运动,这就造成了车队整体的流动。3.气态  液体加热会变成气态。这时候子 或原子活动更剧烈,“类晶区”也不存在了。因为分子或原子间的距离增大,它们之间的引力可以疏忽,因此气态 时主要表现为分子或原子各自的无规则运动,这导致了我们所知的气体特性:有流动性,没有固定的形状和体积, 能主动地充斥任何容器;容易压缩;物理性质“各向同性”。
    显然,液态是处于固态和睦态之间的形态。4.非晶态――特别的固态  普通玻璃是固体吗?你必定会 说,当然是固体。实在,它不是处于固态(结晶态)。对这一点,你一定会奇异。
    这是因为玻璃与晶体有不同的性质和内部结构。
    你能够做一个试验,将玻璃放在火中加热,随温度逐步升高,它先变软,而后逐渐地融化。也就是说玻璃 不一个固定的熔点。此外,它的物感性质也“各向同性”。这些都与晶体不同。
    经由研究,玻璃内部结构没有“空间点阵”特色,而与液态的构造相似。只不外“类晶区”彼此不能移动 ,造成玻璃没有流动性。我们将这种状态称为“非晶态”。
    严厉地说,“非晶态固体”不属于固体,由于固体专指晶体;它可以看作一种极粘稠的液体。因此,“非 晶态”可以作为另一种物态提出来。
    除普通玻璃外,“非晶态”固体还许多,常见的有橡胶、石蜡、自然树脂、沥青和高分子塑料等。5.液 晶态――结晶态和液态之间的一种形态  “液晶”现在对我们已不生疏,它在电子表、计算器、手机、传呼机、 微型电脑和电视机等的文字和图形显示上得到了广泛的运用。
    “液晶”这种材料属于有机化合物,迄今人工合成的液晶已达5000多种。
    这种材料在一定温度范畴内可以处于“液晶态”,就是既具有液体的流动性,又具有晶体在光学性质上的 “各向异性”。它对外界因素(如热、电、光、压力等)的微小变化很敏感。我们正是利用这些特性,使它在许多 方面得到应用。
    上述几种“物态”,在日常条件下我们都可以视察到。但是跟着物理学实验技术的提高,在超高温、超低 温、超高压等条件下,又发现了一些新“物态”。6.超高温下的等离子态  这是气体在约几百万度的极高温或 在其它粒子强烈碰撞下所出现出的物态,这时,电子从原子中游离出来而成为自由电子。等离子体就是一种被高度 电离的气体,但是它又处于与“气态”不同的“物态”――“等离子态”。
    太阳及其它许多恒星是极灼热的星球,它们就是等离子体。宇宙内大部分物质都是等离子体。地球上也有 等离子体:高空的电离层、闪电、极光等等。日光灯、水银灯里的电离气体则是人造的等离子体。7.超高压下的 超固态  在140万大气压下,物质的原子就可能被“压碎”。电子全部被“挤出”原子,形成电子气体,袒露 的原子核紧密地排列,物质密度极大,这就是超固态。一块乒乓球大小的超固态物质,其质量至少在1000吨以 上。
    已有充分的根据解释,质量较小的恒星发展到后期阶段的白矮星就处于这种超固态。它的平均密度是水的 几万到一亿倍。8.超高压下的中子态  在更高的温度和压力下,原子核也能被“压碎”。咱们晓得,原子核由 中子和质子组成,在更高的温度和压力下质子接收电子转化为中子,物质浮现出中子严密排列的状态 ,gucci bags,称为“中子态”。
    已经确认,中等质量(1.44~2倍太阳质量)的恒星发展到后期阶段的“中子星”,是一种密度比白 矮星还大的星球,它的物态就是“中子态”。
    更大质量恒星的后期,理论预言它们将演变为比中子星密度更大的“黑洞”,目前还没有直接的观测证实 它的存在。至于 “黑洞”中的超高压作用下物质又呈现什么物态,目前一窍不通,有待于今后的观测和研究。
    物质在高温、高压下出现了变态的物态,那么在低温、超低温下物质会不会也出现一些特殊的形态呢?下 面讲到的两种物态就是这类情况。9.超导态  超导态是一些物质在超低温下出现的特殊物态。最先发现超导现 象的,是荷兰物理学家卡麦林・昂纳斯(1853~1926年)。1911年夏天,他用水银做实验,发现温度 降到4.173K的时候(约-269℃),水银开始失去电阻。接着他又发现许多材料都又有这种特性:在一定的临界温度(低温)下失去电阻 (请阅读“低温和超导研究的进展”专题)。卡麦林・昂纳斯把某些物质在低温条件下表现出电阻等于零的现象称 为“超导”。超导体所处的物态就是“超导态”,超导态在高效率输电、磁悬浮高速列车、高精度探测仪器等方面 将会给人类带来极大的益处。
    超导态的发现,尤其是它奇特的性质,引起全世界的关注,人们纷纭投入了极大的力气研究超导,至今它 还是非常热点的科研课题。目前发现的超导资料重要是一些金属、合金和化合物,已不下几千种,它们各自对应有 不同的“临界温度”,目前最高的“临界温度”已达到130K(约零下143摄氏度),各国科学家正在拼命尽 力向室温(300K或27℃)的临界温度冲刺。
    超导态物质的结构如何?目前理论研究还不成熟,有待继承探索。10.超流态  超流态是一种十分奇 特的物理状态,目前所知,这种状态只发生在超低温下的个别物质上。
    1937年,前苏联物理学家彼得・列奥尼多维奇・卡皮察(1894~1984年)惊讶地发现,当液 态氦的温度降到2.17K的时候,它就由原来液体的正常流动性突然变化为“超流动性”:它可以无任何阻碍地 通过连气体都无法通过的极微小的孔或狭缝(线度约10万分之一厘米),还可以沿着杯壁“爬”出杯口外。我们 将具有超流动性的物态称为“超流态”。但是目前只发现低于2.17K的液态氦有这种物态。超流态下的物质结 构,理论也在探索之中。11.玻色一爱因斯坦凝聚态  “玻色一爱因斯坦凝聚态”,是科学大师爱因斯坦在7 0 年前预言的一种新物态。为了揭示这个有趣的物理现象,世界科学家为此付出了几十年的努力。 1995年,美国科学家维曼、康奈尔和德国科学家克特勒首先从实验上证实了这个新物态的存在。为此,200 1年度诺贝尔物理学奖授予了这3位科学家,以表扬他们在实现“玻色一爱因斯坦凝聚态”研究中作出的凸起责献 。
    “玻色一爱因斯坦凝聚态” 是物质的一种奇特的状态,处于这种状态的大批原子的行动像单个粒子一样。这里的“凝聚”与日常生涯中的凝聚 不同,它表现本来不同状态的原子忽然“凝聚” 到统一状况,要达到该状态,一方面须要物资到达极低的温度,另一方面还请求原子系统处于气态。华侨物理学家 朱棣文,曾因研究出激光冷却和磁阱技巧这一有效的制冷方式,而与另两位科学家分享了1997年的诺贝尔物理 学奖。“玻色一爱因斯坦凝聚态”所存在的独特性质,不仅对基本研究有主要意思,在芯片技术、精细丈量跟纳米 技术等范畴,也都有很好的利用远景。12.费米子凝聚态  依据“费米子凝集态”研究小组负责人德博拉・金 的先容, “费米子凝聚态”与“玻色一爱因斯坦凝聚态”都是物质在量子状态下的状态,但处于“费米子凝聚态”的物质不 是超导体。
    量子力学认为,粒子按其在高密度或低温度时群体行为可以分成两大类:一类是费米子,得名于意大利物 理学家费米;另一类是玻色子,得名于印度物理学家玻色。这两类粒子特征的区别,在极低温时表示得最为显明: 玻色子全体凑集在同一量子态上,费米子则与之相反,更像是“个人主义者”,各自占领着不同的量子态。“玻色 一爱因斯坦凝聚态”物质由玻色子构成,其行为像一个大超级原子,而“费米子凝聚态”物质采取的是费米子。当 物质冷却时,费米子逐渐盘踞最低能态,cheap mbt sneakers,但它们处在不同的能态上,就像人群涌向一段狭窄的楼梯,这种状态称作“费米子凝聚态”。
    上面介绍的只是迄今发现的12 种物态,有文献演绎说还存在着更多种类的物态,例如:水在高温及超高压状态下可能会形成超离子态、辐射场态 、量子场态,限于篇幅,这里就不逐一列举了。我们信任,随着科学的发展,我们一定会意识更多的物态,解开更 多的谜,并应用它们奇特的性质造福于人类。
  简介超固态
    当物质处于在140万大气压下,物质的原子就可能被“压碎”。电子全部被“挤出”原子,形成电子气 体,裸露的原子核紧密地排列,物质密度极大,这就是超固态。一块乒乓球大小的超固态物质,其质量至少在10 00吨以上。
    已有充足的根据阐明,质量较小的恒星发展到后期阶段的白矮星就处于这种超固态。它的均匀密度是水的 几万到一亿倍。
    美国科学家声称他们可能发现了物质存在的新状态―――超固态(或超固体)。如果他们的发现是正确的 话,那么他们见到的则是物质的一种十分奇怪的状态。该状态下的物质为一种晶体固态,但能像滑润的、无粘性的 液体那样流动。
  超流体  无粘性液体的行为相称奇特,人们认识它已有多年,并将它们称为超流体。当容器中的超流体被搅 拌后,它将永恒地保持旋涡形状,这是在普通液体中无法看到的现象。此外,超流体甚至可以沿着容器的一边向上 蔓延并高出容器的顶端。过去,研究人员利用氦―4和氦―3首次发现两种超流体。这两种物质的超流体行为或现 象需要在冷却到濒临绝对零度时才会出现。
    据1月15日《天然》杂志网络版介绍,美国宾夕法尼亚州立大学的研究人员永顺•金和摩西•陈表示, 他们已将冷冻的氦―4胜利地改变成超固体。实验中,他们将氦―4充进多孔带有狭小通道的维克玻璃盘中,接着 冷却玻璃盘并附加60多个大气压的压力。然后,将该玻璃盘进行旋转,在高于相对零度0.175摄氏温度时, 这时的氦―4应当依然是固态,他们却发现玻璃的旋转突然开始变得轻松。对此现象的说明是固态的氦―4具有了 液态的流动性,这导致旋转变得轻易。也就是说氦―4这时的状态为超固态。
  中子态的定义  原子是由原子核和电子形成的,通常情形下电子都缭绕着原子核旋转。然而在多少千摄氏度 以上的高温中,气态的原子开端抛掉身上的电子,于是带负电的电子开始无拘无束地游逛,而原子也成为带正电的 离子。温度愈高,气体原子脱落的电子就愈多,这种现象叫做气体的电离化。科学家把电离化的气体,叫做“等离 子态”。
    如果在超固态物质上再加上宏大的压力,那么原来已经挤得牢牢的原子核和电子,就不可能再紧了,这时 候原子核只好宣布遣散,从里面放出质子和中子。从原子核里放出的质子,在极大的压力下会和电子联合成为中子 。这样一来,物质的结构产生了基本的变更,原来是原子核和电子,当初却都变成了中子。这样的状态,叫做“中 子态”。这种形态大局部存于一种叫“中子星”的星体中,它是由大质量恒星暮年发生压缩而造成的,所以,中子 星是小得可怜的、没有活力的星球。
  形态的品种  家喻户晓,物质有
    固态 (如冰、金、银等)
    液态 (如水、水银)
    气态 (如空气、水蒸气等)
    三种状态,其实,除了这三种状态外,还有
    等离子态 (漂亮的极光、弧光)
    等离子态是宇宙广泛存在的状态,如恒星内部,差未几都是等离子态。
    除了这些外,还有不常见的
    玻色一爱因斯坦凝聚态
    费米子凝聚态
    超固态
    中子态
    超导态
    超流态
    超固态 如白矮星,超固态是原子与原子核被挤在一起,物质密度比畸形物质高上亿倍。
    而中子态,则比超固态密度还高,当超固态压力再增长,会将核外电子与核内质子中和天生中子,这样原 来的原子就全变成了中子,中子与中子之间压在一起,密度比超固态高10万倍
  等离子体
  百科咭片等离子体又叫做电浆,是由部门电子被剥夺后的原子及原子被电离后产生的正负电子组成的离子化气 体状物质,它广泛存在于宇宙中,常被视为是除去固、液、气外,物质存在的第四态。等离子体是一种很好的导电 体,利用经过奇妙设计的磁场可以捕获、移动和加速等离子体。等离子体物理的发展为材料、能源、信息、环境空 间,空间物理,地球物理等科学的进一步发展提新的技术和工艺。
  超导态
    超导态是一些物质在超低温下出现的特殊物态。最先发现超导现象的,是荷兰物理学家卡麦林•昂纳斯( 1853~1926年)。1911年夏天,他用水银做实验,发现温度降到4.173K的时候(约-269℃),水银开始失去电阻。接着他又发现许多材料都又有这种特性:在一定的临界温度(低温)下失去电阻 (请浏览“低平和超导研究的进展”专题)。卡麦林•昂纳斯把某些物质在低温条件下表现出电阻等于零的现象称 为“超导”,tods for men。超导体所处的物态就是“超导态”,超导态在高效力输电、磁悬浮高速列车、高精度探测仪器等方面将会给人类 带来极大的好处。
    超导态的发现,尤其是它奇特的性质,引起全世界的关注,人们纷纷投入了极大的气力研究超导,至今它 仍是十分热门的科研课题。目前发现的超导材料主要是一些金属、合金和化合物,已不下几千种,它们各自对应有 不同的“临界温度”,目前最高的“临界温度”已达到130K(约零下143摄氏度),各国科学家正在拼命努 力向室温(300K或27℃)的临界温度冲刺。
    超导态物质的结构如何?目前实践研究还不成熟,有待持续摸索。
  超流态
    1937年,前苏联物理学家彼得・列奥尼多维奇・卡皮察(1894~1984年)惊疑地发现,当液 态氦的温度降到2.17K的时候,它就由原来液体的普通流动性突然变化为“超流动性”:它可以无任何妨碍地 通过连气体都无奈通过的极渺小的孔或狭缝(线度约10万分之一厘米),还可以沿着杯壁“爬”出杯口外。我们 将具有超流动性的物态称为“超流态”。但是目前只发现低于2.17K的液态氦有这种物态。
    他是第一个得到液氦的科学家。他并不满意,还想使温度进一步降低,以得到固态氦。他没有成功(固态 氦是1926年基索姆用降低温度和增大压力的方法首先得到的),却得到了一个没有预感到的结果 。
    对一般液体来说,随着温度下降,密度会逐渐增添。他使液态氦的温度降低,果然,液氦的密度增大了。 但是,当温度降落到零下271摄氏度的时候,怪事出现了,液态氦突然结束起泡,变成像水晶一样的透明,一动 也不动,似乎一潭逝世水,而密度突然又减小了。
    这是另一种液态氦。他把前一种冒泡的液态氦叫做氦Ⅰ,而把后一种静止的液态氦做氦Ⅱ。
    把一个小玻璃杯按在氦Ⅱ中。玻璃杯本是空的,但是过了一会,杯底出现了液态氦,缓缓地涨到跟杯子外 面的液态氦一样平为止。
    把这个盛着液态氦的小玻璃杯提出来,挂在半空。看,玻璃杯底下出现了液氦,一滴,两滴,三滴……不 一会,杯中的液态氦就“漏”光了。是玻璃杯漏了吗?不,玻璃杯一点也不漏。这是怎么回事呢?
    原来氦Ⅱ是可能倒流的,它会沿着玻璃杯的壁爬进去又爬出来。这是在我们日常生活中没有遇到过的现象 ,只有在低温世界才会发生。这种现象叫做“超流动性”,具有“超流动性”的氦Ⅱ叫做超流体。
    后来,很多迷信家研讨了这种怪景象,又有了许多新的发现。其中最有趣的是1938年阿兰等人发明的 氦刀喷泉。
    在一根玻璃管里,装着很细的金刚砂,上端接出来一根细的喷嘴。将这玻璃管浸到氦Ⅱ中,用光照玻璃管 粗的下部,细喷嘴就会喷出氦Ⅱ的喷泉,光越强喷得越高,可以高达数厘米。
    氦Ⅱ喷泉也是超流体的特殊性质。在这个实验中,光能直接变成了机械能。
  玻色一爱因斯坦凝聚态
    “玻色一爱因斯坦凝聚态”,是科学巨匠爱因斯坦在70 年前预言的一种新物态。为了揭示这个有趣的物理现象,世界科学家为此付出了几十年的努力。 1995年,美国科学家维曼、康奈尔和德国科学家克特勒首先从实验上证实了这个新物态的存在。为此,200 1年度诺贝尔物理学奖授予了这3位科学家,以表彰他们在实现“玻色一爱因斯坦凝聚态”研究中作出的突出责献 。
    “玻色一爱因斯坦凝聚态” 是物质的一种奇特的状态,处于这种状态的大量原子的行为像单个粒子一样。这里的“凝聚”与日常生活中的凝聚 不同,它表示原来不同状态的原子突然“凝聚” 到同一状态,要达到该状态,一方面需要物质达到极低的温度,另一方面还要求原子体制处于气态。华裔物理学家 朱棣文,曾因研究出激光冷却和磁阱技术这一有效的制冷方法,而与另两位科学家分享了1997年的诺贝尔物理 学奖。“玻色一爱因斯坦凝聚态”所具有的奇特性质,不仅对基础研究有重要意义,在芯片技术、精密测量和纳米 技术等领域,也都有很好的应用前景。
  费米子凝聚态
  百科手刺费米子凝聚态,是物质存在的第六态。根据“费米子凝聚态”研究小组负责人德博拉・金的介绍,“ 费米子凝聚态”与“玻色一爱因斯坦凝聚态”都是物质在量子状态下的形态,但处于“费米子凝聚态”的物质不是 超导体。
  产生背景  人类生存的世界,是一个物质的世界。然而,这个世界还有许多人们肉眼看不到的物质。从前, 人们只知道物质有三态,即气态、液态和固态。20世纪中期,科学家确认物质第四态,即“等离子体态”。19 95年,美国尺度技术研究院和美国科罗拉多大学的科学家组成的结合研究小组,首次发明出物质的第五态,即“ 玻色一爱因斯坦凝聚态”。去年,这个联合研究小组又发布,他们创造出物质的第六种形态,即“费米子凝聚态” 。
  编纂本段简介  量子力学认为,粒子按其在高密度或低温度时集体行为可以分成两大类:一类是费米子,得 名于意大利物理学家费米;另一类是玻色子,得名于印度物理学家玻色。这两类粒子特性的区别,在极低温时表现 得最为显著:玻色子全部集合在同一量子态上,费米子则与之相反,更像是“个人主义者”,各自占据着不同的量 子态。“玻色一爱因斯坦凝聚态”物质由玻色子构成,其行为像一个大超级原子,而“费米子凝聚态”物质采用的 是费米子。当物质冷却时,费米子逐渐占据最低能态,但它们处在不同的能态上,就像人群涌向一段狭窄的楼梯, 这种状态称作“费米子凝聚态”。
  辐射场态
    辐射场态
  物质第六态 ------- 辐射场态
    1851年英国物理学家法拉弟提出了场的概念。
    1887年和1888年,德国物理学家赫兹两次通过实验证明了电磁场(电磁波)的存在,确证了电磁 波的速度即是光速。
    1905年有名物理学家爱因斯坦在创立狭义相对论时,提出了有名的质能公式
    E=mc2
    根据质能公式,狭义相对论说明了物质与能量的关联,深入地揭示了电磁场的天性。狭义相对论指出,电 磁场是物质的一种情势,具有能量和质量,具备稳定性和粒子性(波粒二象性)。狭义绝对论还指出,电磁场与一 般物质的差别在于,它不拥有静止品质,但具有动质量。
    1915年爱因斯坦在创建狭义相对论时,提出了引力场和引力波的重要概念,并创破了著名的引力场方 程。广义相对论指出,在宇宙空间中引力场和引力波是普遍存在的,阐明了引力场与物质的不可宰割性。后来,地 理观测证明了爱因斯坦的这一簇新的科学观点。
    根据科学发现,人们把做作界的物质划分为什物和场两大形态,场包含电磁场和引力场等。电磁场和引力 场辐射全部宇宙空间,没有不可参与性。在一定条件下,电磁场和实物粒子可以彼此转化。
    由此可知,天然界不存在没有物质的空间,即使是真空,也并非空无一物。真空中,即使没有实物粒子, 也存在引力场和布满了热辐射。热辐射,即各种波长的电磁波组成的粒子,统称光子。本世纪六十年代的天文观测 发现,在整个宇宙空间(包括真空)始终存在着3K微波背景辐射。象这种具有辐射作用的引力场和电磁场(包括 无线电波、微波、红外线、可见光、紫外线和γ射线等),人们称之为辐射场态物质,又叫真空场态物质,即物质 的第六态。
  超离子态
    美国科学家发现水在高温及超高压的状态下可能形成超离子(superionic)态. 在这种状态下, 水中的氢原子核可以如导体中的电子般自在运动. 科学家早在其它物质上察看到超离子态, 在这些超离子态的物质中, 有些原子是固定在晶格上, 其它的原子则可在晶体中自由移动. 而在1980年代及1990年代就有计算机仿真发现超离子态也可能存在于水中, 也就是氧原子会被解冻在不规矩的晶格上, 而氢原子核(仅包括一个带正电的质子)则可在氧原子间跳跃. 可自由活动的氢原子核使得水具有导电性, 这也是个别纯水或冰所没有的性质. 在2005年四月一日出版的Physical Review Leters中, 美国Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California的研究人员发表了他们应用超级计算机仿真的新结果. 他们的结果也同样显示水在某些条件下是有可能构成超离子态的, 而且所需要的前提并不如之前所要求的那么严苛. 为了验证他们的模型, 他们将水滴紧缩在两个钻石针尖中到几十万大气压的压力. 在这么大的压力下, 即便在高温水也会造成冰. 然后研究职员以雷射将这个迷你冰块加热到1000K以上. 另外他们也打另一道雷射光在冰上, 并透过监督这个雷射的散射光来量测冰的熔点. 当压力大于临界压力(大概为50万大气压)时, 在加热的进程中, 分子的振荡会在两个不持续的温度上分辨呈现突然的变化, 而非如传统的相变般只有在熔点时才会的变化. 因而在固态的冰和液态的水之间有一个旁边态, 这也恰是计算机仿真所猜测的超离子态所会涌现的地位. 固然研究小组并没有更多直接的证据证实这个中间态就是超离子态, 但是如果盘算机仿真的结果是准确的, 在这种状态下质子将能以高速在水中挪动并导电. 它们更可能存在于海王星及天王星中并供给电流而发生如NASA's Voyager 2 probe所量测到的高强度的磁场. 研究小组的Goncharov表示, 以前以为这些电流与存在行星内的液态物质有关, 但是这个新的成果暗示了超离子态也可能存于这些行星中并形成强磁场. Carnegie Institution of Washington, DC的Russell Hemley表示, 这确实是很美丽的量测及计算. 然而他也强调, 仍是需要有更多的工作来断定是否为超离子态, 而最直接的办法就是去量测传导率. 此外他也指出地球的地幔(mantle)兴许存在良多的水, 而这些水也许有些也是以超离子态存在.
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Old 05-30-2011, 06:22 AM   #2
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Yesterday, Xinqiao Hospital, the father struggling to the beam with a pull up from the bed. Photo journalist Shi Zongwei
married life so sweet Beams forget diet (Picture)
Beam and his wife and children together (Picture)
Xinqiao Hospital doctors are checking for the beam used.

death in the face

him cardiopulmonary recession, abdominal pain swelling, liver dysfunction, life-threatening

treatment difficult

his body was too heavy large, regardless of examination or treatment are stumped Hospital

concern the first fat Beam (newspaper reported), recently hospitalized. 1.58 meters tall and his weight as 225 kg,mulberry handbag, regardless of treatment or examination, hospitals are facing an unprecedented challenge.
reporter learned yesterday from the Xinqiao Hospital, beams with abdominal pain, facial swelling and dyspnea was admitted to the hospital. Preliminary examination, he had caused weight overload heart and lung function decline, life-threatening.
■ reporter Li Kui

severe heart failure

lives were at risk

yesterday morning, in the Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital ward , pale beams lying in bed with, breathing, breathing with his mouth open, his forehead was swollen. Because it is difficult to be lying down for a long time,gucci bags, he hung his legs out of bed first, and then pull out all the effort to get out of bed to stand up and quivering, pale purple congestion immediately. As the abdomen is too large, from the front, only to see his legs and feet.
Beam's father, Liang said in late April of this year, before the activities are still capable of walking beam with a breathing increasingly difficult to walk a few steps out of breath. Subsequently, the beam with a waist circumference of 1.8 m surge, more than 1.9 meters, the face started swelling, loss of appetite greatly reduced. Baoding in Dazu County, the town of Dazu County Health Center and the hospital more than 1 month, the situation is more serious. The day before yesterday, in the doctor's advice, he transferred to the Xinqiao Hospital.
Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Professor Wang Lei, deputy director of introduction, after a preliminary examination, Beam markers of heart failure values ​​of up to 1611, ordinary people is 500. That is, beams with a very serious heart and lung function decline, more than normal value of 3 times the risk of heart failure.
Professor Wang Lei said, heart failure, renal failure, abnormal liver function and so may cause swelling, but with each of these factors on the beam, it is fatal crisis.
delivery problems

hospitals spend pull cargo trailers

Professor Wang Lei introduced Beam into the hospital, particularly in the transportation, so that medical staff headache .
First, the standard hospital beds only 1.2 meters wide beam with the body is too large to fit bed, he lying in bed in the abdomen outside a lot of fat hanging over bed.
Gengrang staff was difficult, the beam with a weight of 225 kg, the general push cart and can not bear the weight of beds, hospitals and other medical equipment sent for delivery of large items in the trailer, every time you want two or three push-pull.

body too

medical equipment not available

, CT and other testing to be done. The beam with every part of the body, almost more than the size limits of medical devices, simply can not use.
Lei Wang said, even the most simple blood pressure, because his arm is too thick, the tube of blood pressure control arm of cloth wrapped around long enough, the doctor sent for rubber band connected. Instruments such as CT and magnetic resonance scanning window is only 70 cm diameter, but the beam with a waist circumference more than 1 m in diameter, these devices do not have access.
yesterday morning, the doctors decided to do a beam with abdominal B-ultrasound. Medical staff went to great lengths, took him to the B-room. Doctor scanner moves back and forth on his belly, nothing happens on the screen.
difficult to treat

dose is not enough

addition to checking the difficulties, how to treat, what kind of drug, the doctor is also a great challenge.
Lei Wang, the current clinical drugs, doses are based on conversion from the weight of ordinary people. Beam weight is too large, the dose of ordinary people simply no effect. Take the 400 million units of penicillin, the ordinary people just one, beams with at least 20 to 30 million units of penicillin to be effective.
Because many drugs are not so obese patients through clinical examination,prada leather handbags, even if the increased dose, whether the therapeutic effect is unknown.
large consultation

full-house experts to discuss the program

the face of such difficult patients, yesterday, Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital Organization, respiratory, hematology, anesthesia and other sections of the dozens of 10 to a large consultation of experts.
anesthesiology experts fear that the beam with severe heart failure, swelling, severe abdominal pain, lung and kidney and other organs do not rule out heart disease appear. If seriously ill, need surgery,burberry leather handbags, beams with the respiratory function and cardiac function will not be able to withstand anesthesia. Some experts also believe that the thick beam with total body fat, when they need surgery, and other aspects of the blood transfusion will face unprecedented challenges.
After nearly two hours, dozens of experts, intense discussion, concluded that, must find a special way to check on the Beam, try to diagnose the exact cause, and symptomatic treatment, first remission of disease, and other beam with the body function has been restored, according to conservative treatment of physical conditions. Most satisfied with the result, do our best to restore the heart and lungs and other organs using beam functions, in his basic normal body function by means of a reasonable diet to lose weight.
Experts fear that, due to Beam too fat, heart and lung function of long-term overload, etc., functions can not be recovered, doctors were unable to turn. Therefore, Beam it, waiting for him is a death in the face.
obesity causes

he is obesity, the disease is to eat out, have a diet to lose weight

weight loss journey

him twice difficult to lose weight, body weight dropped to 105 kg and 120 kg

Yesterday, Beam told reporters that he was cruel to lose weight, successfully reduced weight 105 kg, only 120 kg. Just when he was a great pleasure, could not control his eating and other habits, the body will soon rebound, health is getting worse. ■ Press Likui

not genetic

out of his fat is to eat

Beam August 29, 1979 was born in the town of Baoding in Dazu County, a peasant family birth children is overweight, weighing up to 5 kg.
Liang Liang's father, told by reporters that both he and his wife, family, in addition to beam with abnormal body weight, other people are normal. Beam with two children, weight is also normal.
with age, 3 months, the beam with up to 10 kg, 3 at the age of twenty to thirty kilograms, 8 years old up to 70 kg, 180 kg at age 14. Liang said beam with small to large to eat, 3 meals a day, in addition, but also snacks, but also to stop eating snacks. More than 10 years of age, four or five times a day, snacks, meals for at least a half kilograms of rice.
Beam 12 years old, Liang and his wife sent him to bridge hospital. After diagnosis, Beam is obesity, which is entirely his obesity to eat out, the only way is diet. Liang couple had according to the doctor in the direction, control his diet, but did not prevent beam with soaring living body.
everywhere doctor

he has lost about 105 kg

Beam said, covered in order to lose fat, he experienced mixed feelings of the long the road.
starting from May 1997, Beam it was removed in Nanchang, Nanjing, Ningbo and other places, eat health food weight loss drug companies provided free of charge, is also enthusiastic person in the hospital go through, but the effect minimal. To March 1999, his weight had reached 220 kg, has become the most important person, he headlines a moment.
2000 years, a fitness center from Yantai, China Central Television understand the circumstances of Beam, by way of acupuncture and exercise to lose weight for him free of charge, the weight loss is very good,burberry handbags, his weight by one year to 105 kg, which is the history of his adult minimum weight.
2001 年 6 months, weight loss success with a return to big foot beam, in the tourist area, opened down the mountain ding tea fat. The relaxed control on diet, weight rebound quickly, a few months time, body weight rebounded to 200 kilograms.
2003 onwards, Beam once again vow to lose weight. Diet by means of acupuncture, the body weight down to 120 kg, 105 kg of fat to shed. July 2004, the result of marriage and hi son Tim, have a happy family life, so Beam guard, body weight again quickly rebounded to May 2006, hard to lose 105 kg of meat and long back, reached 225 kg body weight once again.

speak their mind

good to want to be a normal person

reporter learned that the first fat beam title with the Chinese, the various weight loss body after another, by his self-hype and let him play the chiefs, to open the club, the spokesperson doing so fat.
He told reporters, as obesity, he lost a lot, the most intuitive is the mobility, he can not run can not jump. Even something as simple as climbing stairs, are very difficult for him. Ordinary people just thirty-five minutes away, he may be an hour.
beams have trouble with the basic necessities of life

the most basic food, clothing, for the beams with ordinary people who have a can not imagine the trouble.
clothing: more than 10 years of age from the beginning, Beam and peers as not to wear decent clothes and shoes that fit, are often bought cloth, please tailor tailored.
Food: Over the years, undergo weight-loss diet beam used in the pain. According to his appetite, eating thirty-four kg of rice per day. Weight loss, he can not go on happily feast.
live: Beam, as long as out of their homes, no matter where the seats are not suitable, accommodation is also very troublesome.
line: every time a boat ride on the Beam is a painful test. Two days ago, he transferred large enough to ride the bus to the main city, due to body fat, went to great lengths, ask for help squeeze the fat body, he was forced sideways by the bus door. On the bus, he sat two seats one person. Chenjiaping get off at the station, the taxi did not fit his antelope. Finally, the spacious cab of his day language contained in the Xinqiao Hospital. The brother to see him action difficult, very sympathetic, and 20 diverse fare, do not take him 10 yuan.
□ news

the world's most fat man weighing 560 kilograms

Mexico, a man weighing 560 kilograms, is Guinness Book of Records as the world's most fat people. At the same time, he may become a successful weight loss weight loss up to 200 kg person.
that the man named Manuel Uribe, 41, who lives in the northern city of Monterrey, Mexico. 20 years, Uribe can only lie in bed most of the time.
obesity

can only go on a diet to lose weight

Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Professor Wang Lei, deputy director of introduction, is divided into simple obesity, obesity, secondary obesity and genetic obesity.
secondary obesity due to pituitary and other brain diseases, genetic obesity is hereditary, both the incidence of obesity is not high. Obesity is relatively common, treatment is a major problem, currently no specific drugs.
His height is only 1.58 meters, so much of the stomach and does not match his height. Thus, when the beam filled with stomach after excessive intake of calories and nutrients, not metabolized in time, eventually leading to a rapid increase in weight.
Professor Wang describes, fat induced obesity is simple: bulimia cause stomach is holding up more and more, will be increased food intake, calories and nutrients needed by the body over, leading to weight increase in obesity. The obese patients after weight loss, if not control diet, body weight will soon rebound.
Clinically, obesity is the most common way to lose weight diet, exercise, etc. and through weight control. If you do not work, must pass surgery, such as man-made space on the stomach smaller.
Professor Wang reminded the public that the best time to eat seven full, regular daily exercise in order to keep the standard build.
city 100 children

11 one is chubby pier

Two years ago, the Municipal Health Bureau announced health survey among young people in our city and the evaluation index system shows the city from 7 to 18 years of age, obesity 11.3% detection rate, which means that 100 young people, Pier 11 is chubby.
experts pointed out that with economic development, obesity, diabetes, previously considered to be common in the elderly appear younger age trend, which is due to fat kids, eating too much salt and other food , eat Western fast food, drinking carbonated drinks, lack of exercise.
Municipal Health Bureau also released a report on 20,000 residents of the health survey, the prevalence of adult overweight and obesity were 29.15% and 6.57%, which accounts for the vast majority of men. Abdominal ultrasound examination showed that B,miu miu handbags, for fat and fatty liver prevalence rate as high as 15.55%.
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