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Eventually, more than 2,000 called from NorthernCalifornia and around the country. The need for research to see whether thedrug was effective was accentuated by reports from autism interest groups thatthousands of children had begun receiving secretin in repeated doses, Heymansaid. Some web entrepreneurs charged inflated prices to give secretin toautistic children. In some cases the drug was administered in unproven ways,such as by mouth or through the skin using a solvent called DMSO.Siegel, who is associate adjunct professor of psychiatry at UCSF, has workedwith autistic children and their families for 25 years. She defined autism as asyndrome that begins in the first few years of life, involving severe deficitsin social and communication skills. It affects the childs ability to processincoming information from the social and physical worlds, to interact withothers and to use language. The cause is not known and, to date, there is noproven cure.
Because jet lag can increase stress hormones like cortisol and disrupt reproduction, the researchers controlled for the effects of these by removing adrenal glands or ovaries in some of the hamsters and injecting normal levels of hormone supplements of corticosterone and estrogen, respectively. These hamsters showed a similar reduction in new, mature hippocampal neurons in the brain. The change was really dramatic and shows that the effect on behavior and the brain is direct, not a secondary effect of increased stress hormones, Gibson said. They are not due to increased cortisol concentrations. The experiments also suggest that the low number of mature neurons in the hippocampus in jetlagged hamsters was not due to decreased production of new cells, but rather, fewer new cells maturing into working cells, or perhaps new cells dying prematurely.
Complaints from players, coaches, and parents about this testing gave further credence to the importance of raising awareness about the serious longterm implications of concussions through education, which does appear to be beneficial according to our findings, said Dr. Tator. The reluctance to report concussion symptoms may result from cultural factors, as expressed in several of the case studies athletes demonstrate perceived toughness to their parents, coaches, team mates and peers by playing through an injury and the belief of the athlete that he or she is invincible, so winning overrides any consideration of the effect of the injury upon longterm health. It is imperative to bring about a cultural and philosophical change in this regard through steppedup education efforts and enforcement of concussion protocols.
He believes that the new forms of interaction seen in Internet exchanges are far more important than changes in vocabulary, grammar, and spelling. But in his own words he adds, We aint seen nothin yet! Finally, as the Internet becomes more linguistically diverse, it also extends a hand to minority languages and minority language speakers. The Internets accessibility aids documentation in and of minority languages and enables minority language speakers separated by space to maintain a virtual contact through email, chat and instant messaging environments. Embracing emerging cool technologies in a minority language can also play a role in persuading the youth of an endangered language community that the language is something that has relevance to them.
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