GDP (Gross Domestic Product, referred to as GDP) GDP is defined as a period of time (a quarter or a year), a country or region's economy in the production of all final goods and services value, is often recognized as the best measure of national indicators of economic conditions. It not only reflects a country's economic performance, it can reflect a country's national power and wealth. In general, there are four different GDP components, including consumption, private investment, government spending and net exports. Represented by the formula: GDP = CA + I + CB + X where: CA for the consumer, I is private investment, CB for the government expenditure, X is net exports.
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Gross domestic product, the importance of a related concept, to learn the concept of two economic concepts related to analysis of accounting methods to determine indicators of GDP growth in the principle of data related to the data world, the Chinese historical data related to historical data GDP and GDP and the exchange rate between bank interest rates 2010 new meaning users guanosine diphosphate GDP (Guanosine diphosphate) the importance of GDP (a) SNA GDP accounting system is an important comprehensive index, is China's new economy accounting system of the nuclear
China GDP
Heart indicators. (B) of the gross domestic product reflects the resident units of production outcomes. Resident units refer to the territory of a country's economic center of economic interest with the economic unit. Economic territory is controlled by a government or a geographic territory, that is, on the basis of their geographical scope should also include the country's embassies and consulates abroad, research stations and aid agencies, etc., and accordingly its net foreign resident of these institutions (international institutions do not belong to a resident in any country, but the employees belong to the country's permanent residents). Center of economic interest refers to a unit or individual within the territory of a country's economy has some venues are engaged in the production and consumption activities, and more than one year from continuing operations or living units or individuals, an institution or individual can have only one center of economic interest. General on the organization (unit) is concerned, regardless of their ownership of assets and management control of any country, provided that they meet the above criteria, the agency in the host country to have a center of economic interest. Personally, regardless of their nationality, belongs to the State, provided that they meet the above criteria, the residents in the host country to have a center of economic interest. Because the concept of resident units strictly stipulates the scope of a country's economic mainstay, so its gross domestic product for the calculation to determine diameter, a clear accounting of domestic and foreign transactions limits the scope and variety of great significance.
GDP
a country or region's economic growth or a recession actually is, the change from this figure can be observed. In general, GDP release in the form of no more than two, and percentage rate to calculate the total units. When the GDP growth figures are positive, which indicates that the region's economy is in expansion phase; the other hand, if it is negative, it means that the region's economy entered a recession. Gross domestic product is produced in a certain period of time the total amount of goods and services multiplied by the GDP growth and inflation rate. Therefore, even if production has not increased, only the price level rises, the nominal GDP will still rise. In the case of rising prices, the rise in gross domestic product is just an illusion or has a substantial influence of changes in rates of real GDP, gross domestic product, so use this indicator must also be reduced by GDP index, nominal GDP to make adjustments to accurately reflect the actual changes in output. Thus, a quarter of the increase in GDP deflator, the inflation would be sufficient to show that the seasonal conditions. If the GDP deflator increased substantially, it will have a negative impact on the economy, but also tightening the money supply, interest rates, foreign exchange rate and thus a precursor. A related concept, the concept of geo-GDP also translated (geography database platform) - geological data in geographic information system platform, is the is a very important emerging concept of geo-old man who used drawing and store data, the information in the network era, need to update to a computer network-based data platform, the world's major oil companies and national oil giants are 3 major information platform in an oil that geography database platform. Second, the economic concepts in economics, the common GDP and GNI (gross national income, gross national Income) to measure the common areas of the country or the overall level of economic development indicators of general . This is currently often used in various countries and regions, the measurement means. GDP is among the most concerned about the economy macroeconomics microeconomics
statistics, because it is considered a measure of national economic development of the most important indicators. In general, there are three forms of gross domestic product, ie value, income, and products. The form of value, it is the production of all resident units during a given period the value of all goods and services over the same period investment in fixed assets of all non-difference between the value of goods and services that all resident units and the increase in value; from income The form of it is all the permanent units in certain period of time and income creation; the form of products, it is the end-use goods and services minus imports of goods and services. GDP reflects the economic value added of the sector total. For this understanding of the concept, should pay attention to the following questions: First, the GDP is measured in the final product, that the final product sold in the value of the final period. Generally based on the actual use of the product, the product can be divided into intermediate and final products. The so-called final product, is produced in a period of time for people to direct consumption or use of goods and services. This part of the product has reached the final stages of production, raw materials or semi-finished products can not be used as inputs in the production of other products and services to the process, such as consumer goods, capital goods and so on. Intermediate product is sold for further processing or for other kinds of products for the use of goods and services, such as raw materials, fuel and so on. GDP calculation of the final product must be current, intermediate products can not be included, otherwise it will result in double counting. Second, GDP is a concept of market value. A variety of end products in the market value is reached in the market value of the exchange are to be measured in monetary, exchange reflected through the market. The market value of a product to use this unit price of the final product obtained by multiplying its output. Third, the GDP generally refers only to the market value resulting from the activity. Those non-productive activities and underground trading, black market transactions, which are not included in GDP, such as domestic work, self-sufficiency production, illegal gambling and drug transactions. Fourth, GDP is the calculation of the value of the final product produced during the period, which is the flow rather than stock. Fifth, GDP is not a real flow of wealth, it is only average with the standard currency expressed in how much wealth. But things can not be produced completely into the flow of wealth, this is not necessarily. Through the above analysis, we found that although there are many defects in GDP, but it does increase social wealth can be expressed, yet can not find a better alternative to the concept. The concept of GDP defects, we are not entirely helpless, the concept can be based on the current GDP to make some amendments to make to perfect the concept of GDP. Let us call this the concept of the effective accumulation of GDP, it added two elements, one is valid, one is cumulative, it is calculated as total GDP that year, less an invalid, and the disappearance of GDP GDP, than the pure GDP to better reflect the concept of a place of abundance and growth rate levels. What is invalid GDP? What is lost in the GDP? All over now engaged in industrial parks, province, county or township level have, to investment companies are staking their claims in the park, not after the completion of many plant production to idle up, some companies after they circle a piece of land overgrown with weeds, the investment in plant and although the wall produced the local GDP, but the people around are very sad that this is a great waste. In essence, to GDP generated in this way is a valid form only has its GDP. A place subject to Bainianweiyu the flood, a large number of houses were destroyed, large tracts of crops flooded, the people shouted to anguished cry day. The following year, they bite the bullet and hold savings or debt or engage in supporting post-disaster reconstruction, construction and transportation industry, a thriving, this year's GDP was 130% in previous years, but the hand, people feel their quality of life worse than a big slice of the original . The reason is simple,
air max 2010, floods destroyed the labor of many years, and the fruits of labor is the cumulative GDP in previous years, the GDP because of the flood was gone. If one side is the increase in GDP, while GDP, disappeared; or GDP continues to increase, but the increase is some invalid GDP, then GDP growth rate so high it also does not prove that increasing the wealth of society in the development of the economy, because only kept down and people need to GDP is the real wealth. The disappearance of a local emerging GDP is invalid or GDP, can only prove that we have done a lot of wasted effort or a problem with our current decision-making. Unfortunately, we live in an endless stream of examples of this are still abound. Almost all the cities in China are in massive construction projects, Main Road, Great Plaza Park after another, some schools spend tens of millions build a gate, and some cities in the suburbs have almost no night lights on the road, these are far beyond the actual needs of the face works, is it not valid GDP? Urban planning in many parts of the flip-flop in the house is demolished the building, construction of the split, and then demolished to build, demolition repeated many times at every time of the demolition process is not the loss of GDP is in the past? If you only use the concept of cumulative GDP, effectively, a land of our wealth has a degree of economic development will be able to make more accurate judgments, one in GDP, the total effective accumulated a larger number indicates that the land Fang Yuefu there; year's GDP effective accumulated more, indicating the year the faster pace of economic development here! Therefore, enabling this concept it is very necessary and urgent, I hope the government and academia can adopt. By this analysis, we found that almost everyone knows the economics of a concept, in fact, bears a very deep sense of economics, and by the in-depth research and thorough understanding, not easy to understand the mystery, which is what we like reasons of economics, economics is also to be misunderstood by most people because of the abuse. Rank Country 2009 GDP growth rate of total 2009GDP 1United States United States 139,230 (one hundred million U.S. dollars) -2.4% 2Japan Japan 50 849 (474.924 trillion yen) -5.0% 3China (PRC) China 49,090 (33.5353 trillion yuan) 8.7% 4Germany Germany 32986 ( € 2,364,930,000,000) -5.0% 5France French 26429.5 (€ 1,894,859,000,000) -2.7% 6United Kingdom United Kingdom 21,512.9 (£ 1,373,661,000,000) -4.8% 7Italy Italy 16960.768 (1.216 trillion euros) -5.0% 8Brazil Brazil 15568.7 (3.103 trillion lei Royal) 0.7% 9Spain Spanish 14,661.27 (€ 1,051,151,000,000) -3.0% 10Canada Canada 13699.36 (1562412000000 Canadian dollars) -2.5% 11Russia Russian 12043.58 (38,258,710,000,000 rubles) -7.9% 12India India 11672.47 (Rs 56,437,327,000,000) 7.2 % 13Australia Australian 9163.78 (1166458000000 AUD) -1.4% 14Mexico Mexico 8557.5 (11,550,347,000,000 pesos) -3.7% 15South Korea South Korea 8200 (1050 trillion won) 0.2%, a correlation analysis method of accounting, accounting by expenditure approach GDP expenditure method of accounting GDP, is the departure from the use of the product, the purchase of one year's expenditure of the final product calculated by adding the total production of the year the market value of the final product. This method is also called the final product law, and product flow method. If Q1, Q2 ¬ ... ... Qn behalf of all of the final product yield, P1, P2 ... ... Pn represent the various final product price, use the formula for GDP accounting by expenditure approach is: Q1P1 + Q2P2 + ... ... QnPn = GDP in real life, the final use of goods and services, primarily household consumption, business investment, government purchases and exports. Thus, expenditure method of accounting GDP, is the account of a country or region in the period of time consumption, business investment, government purchases and net exports of total expenditure in these areas. 1. Household (indicated by the letter C), including the purchase of refrigerators, color TVs, washing machines, cars and other durable goods spending, clothing, food and other non-durable goods expenditures and for health care, tourism, hairdressing and other services expenditures. Residential construction expenditures are not consumption. 2. Business investment (with the letter I said that), is to increase or replace capital assets (including plant, machinery and equipment, residential and inventory) costs. Investment, including investment in fixed assets and inventory investment into two categories. Fixed 2. Assets that new office plants, buy new equipment, new residential construction investment. Why is investment in residential construction is not part of the spending? Because housing is the same as any other fixed assets, long-term use, and slowly being consumed. Inventory investment is the company's inventory control (or a stock) of the increase or decrease. If the beginning of the country was 200 billion U.S. dollars in business inventories and the end of 2200 billion U.S. dollars, while inventory investment is 200 million. Inventory investment may be positive, it could be negative, because the end of the year may be greater than inventory value may also be less than the beginning inventory. The reason is considered business inventory investment, because it can generate revenue. From the perspective of national economic statistics, produced but not sold the product can only be handled as a business inventory investment, so that statistics from the production point of GDP and GDP statistics from the expenditure point of view consistent. Included in GDP, investment is total investment, that investment and net investment reset and reset the investment that is depreciated. The division of investment and consumption is not absolute, depends on the specific classification provisions of the actual statistics. 3. Government purchases (represented by the letter G), is the purchase of goods and services at all levels of government expenditure, which includes government purchases of arms, military and police
social welfare services
police services, government office supplies and office facilities, organization of public works projects such as roads, establish schools and other spending. Government salaries paid to government employees belong to the government to buy. Government purchases is a substantial expenditure, showing the goods, services and two-way movement of money,
air max shoes on sale, direct the formation of social needs and become part of the gross domestic product. Government to buy only part of government spending, government spending, such as another part of government transfer payments, interest on public debt are not included in GDP. Government transfer payments this year, the government not to get the goods and services produced as a reward, including expenditure on social welfare, social security, unemployment, poverty benefits, old age security, health care, subsidies to agriculture and other aspects expenditure. Government transfer payments to government revenues through its functions among members of different social transfer and redistribution of a portion of the income transfer to another part of the hands, its essence is a redistribution of wealth. Occurs when a government transfer payments that the government pay these expenses, this is not what the corresponding goods and services, government transfer payments is a monetary expenditure, total revenue of society as a whole has not changed. Therefore, the government transfer payments are not included in the gross domestic product. 4. Net exports (XM said the letters, X, said exports, M imports that) is the difference between imports and exports. Jinkou subtracted from their total purchase as imports Biaoshi income flows abroad, the same time, nor is the expenditure for the purchase of local products; export should be added to their total purchase volume, and because the export Biaoshi income from foreign inflows, is expenditures for the purchase of domestic products, therefore, net exports should be included in the total expenditure. Net exports are likely to be positive, it could be negative. The above four projects add up, GDP is calculated using the formula spending: GDP = C + I + G + (XM) in our statistical practice, the expenditure is calculated by gross domestic product for the final consumption, capital formation and net exports of goods and services total, which reflects current production and use of the gross domestic product and composition. Final consumption is classified into household consumption and government consumption. In addition to the consumer directly with money to buy consumption goods and services, but also includes other ways to obtain goods and services, consumer spending, the so-called virtual consumer spending. Residents of virtual consumption expenditure includes the following types: flat to payment in kind and form of the transfer to the goods and services; financial institutions of financial intermediary services; insurance companies to provide insurance services. Calculated by expenditure approach GDP, we can calculate the consumption and investment rates. The so-called consumption rate is the ratio of GDP, final consumption, capital formation, the so-called investment rate is the ratio of total GDP. In accordance with the relevant statistics in recent years, China's consumption rates have obvious downward trend, China's consumption in 2005 was 52.1%, investment rate of 43.4%. Compared with the world level is significantly lower consumption rate in China. Therefore, the current and future period, an important element of macroeconomic regulation and control is to adjust the ratio between investment and consumption, expanding domestic demand, consumer demand is to expand the focus. Second, GDP by income method of accounting income method of accounting GDP, income is from the perspective of the production factors in the production of all income received in the calculated sum of GDP, that is the wage received by labor, land owners get rent, capital interest received and entrepreneurs to get the sum of profits calculated GDP. This method is also called the elements of payment method, elements of cost. In the absence of a simple economy, the government, enterprises and create added value that its GDP is equivalent to factor income plus depreciation, but after government intervention, the government often indirect taxes, when the GDP should also include indirect taxes and corporate transfer payments. Indirect taxes are taxes levied on product sales, which include excise taxes, turnover taxes. This tax is nominally levied the enterprise, but companies can put it into production costs among eventually be passed on to consumers, it should also be seen as a cost. Similarly, there are business transfer payments (ie, non-profit organizations, business and consumer bad debt charity donations), it is not to create an income of factors of production, but prices to consumers by, it should also be considered as cost . Capital depreciation should also be included in GDP. Although it is not because of its factor income, but included in the total investment. Also, the main income of unincorporated businesses should be included in GDP. Income of unincorporated business owners, is doctors, lawyers, small shops owners, farmers and other income. They use their own funds, self-employed, their wages, interest, rents, as difficult as the company's accounts, into its own business to get their wages, interest on its own funds, own house rents, their wages, interest , profits, rents often mixed together as the main income of unincorporated businesses. Thus, calculated by the formula income is: GDP = wages + interest + profit + rental + indirect taxes and business transfer payments + depreciation also can be seen as factors of production, GDP = income + non-income factors of production theory, with GDP income approach calculated with the use of GDP calculated by expenditure approach is equal in quantity. Third, the production method of accounting used by the production method of accounting GDP GDP, is the provision of material goods and services by all departments to calculate the value of gross domestic product. Production method is also called the department of law. This calculation reflects the source of the gross domestic product. Using this method of calculation, the production departments should use the net value of intermediate products, only the calculation of the increase in value. Commercial and services sector by value-added method. Health, education, administration, family services and other departments can not calculate the value added to wage income to calculate the value of their services. Accounted for by the production approach GDP can be divided into the following sectors: agriculture, forestry fisheries; mining; construction industry; manufacturing; transport; post and
Mining
utilities; electricity, gas, water industry; wholesale and retail business; financial, insurance, real estate; services; government services and government enterprises. Production of the above departments the sum of GDP and then added to net income and foreign elements, consider the statistical error term, can be used to calculate the GDP by production approach. In theory, by expenditure approach, income approach and the production method of the GDP is equal in quantity, but the actual accounts often error, and thus to add a statistical error term to be adjusted to achieve the same. Actual statistics, the general expenditure to national economic accounting system as the basic method of law, that is calculated by the expenditure of the gross domestic product as the standard. Statistical practice in China, the income method to calculate GDP is divided into four: GDP = Compensation of Employees + net taxes on production + operating surplus + depreciation of fixed assets for the workers compensation first. Refers to workers engaged in production activities for the whole payment received. Workers earned in various forms, including salary, bonuses and allowances, both forms of currency, but also in kind; also includes workers enjoyed free medical service and medicine expenses, traffic unit to pay subsidies and social insurance. The second for the production of net taxes on production less subsidies on production refer to the balance. Production tax that the Government of the production unit production, marketing and business activities, and engage in productive activities due to the use of certain production factors (such as fixed assets, land, labor) levied various taxes, surcharges and fees. Production subsidies and production tax on the contrary, that the Government of the production units of the unilateral transfer of income is therefore regarded as negative taxes on production, including policy loss of subsidies, food price subsidies, foreign trade export tax rebates. The third for the depreciation of fixed assets refers to the period of time to compensate for loss of fixed assets, depreciation of fixed assets in accordance with the approved rate of depreciation of fixed assets extracted. It reflects the production of fixed assets in the current transfer value. Fourth for the operating surplus is the value added created by resident units less labor remuneration, net taxes on production and the depreciation of fixed assets balance. It is equivalent to the business profits plus subsidies on production. Fourth, two more than the national income accounting system introduced in the Western national income accounting system (referred to as SNA). The system is based on western economic theory that the creation of material products and services create value for the labor activities are production activities, gross domestic product (GDP) as the accounting activities of the core indicators of the national economy. Western national income accounting system is adopted by most countries as a method of accounting of the national economy is a more reasonable and scientific accounting system. First, in the world economy, globalization, integration, marketing, information technology trends continue to strengthen today, information, knowledge, technology and services sector in the economic life of the increasing importance of the tertiary industry to create value in the modern economic life increasing proportion, and material production in the whole economic life has been the relative decline in status. Therefore, in the national income accounting system should be taken into account non-material production services to the market value of all paid services included in GDP is necessary. Secondly, according to SNA national income accounting to avoid double counting when the distinction between nominal GDP and real GDP, also has reasonable. Of course, such a system to GDP to measure the total output level of the national economy, measured by the degree of economic development, living standards measure is also flawed. For example, the non-market transactions (such as household activities, self-sufficient production) are not reflected, can not account for people's enjoyment of leisure and security, can not reflect the extent of environmental pollution of a country, which also inevitably some double counting, etc. . In the 20th century, 90 years before the end of the Cold War, there is a national economic accounting system that is centrally planned economy countries in the material balance system (referred to as MPS), as the former Soviet Union, Eastern Europe and China are used. Reproduction of the system based on the theory of Marxism, the social output and national income as the results reflect the total economic activities of the basic indicators. This highly centralized accounting system and planning management system to adapt, has played an important role, but with the global market economic system reform and development, the defects become increasingly prominent. For example, it does not reflect the information, services and other non-material production sector development is not conducive to reasonably reflect the overall national strength and adjust the industrial structure; it can not reflect the social capital movement system is not conducive to the national macro-management and control; not reflect the whole picture of economic cycle the interface between the various aspects of the situation, the adverse possession of the State to run the economy the consolidated balance. Therefore, Eastern Europe, Russia and other economies in transition and western China have gradually adopted the System of National Accounts. China since 1985, official GDP indicators used for assessing national economic development and the development of key strategic objectives of economic development indicators. At present, China has been calculated and published GDP figures, but it has not calculated and published by net domestic product, national income, personal income and personal disposable income and other indicators of the figures. GDP, National Bureau of Statistics published annually determine the calculation of GDP data to go through the following process: the initial estimation process, the process of preliminary verification and final verification process. Preliminary estimation process and the following year is usually in the beginning of the end of each year. Its annual GDP data are only a preliminary number, the data need to be sufficient to obtain more information to verify it. Preliminary verification process is generally carried out in the second quarter of next year. GDP preliminary verification of data obtained more accurate, but GDP accounting still lacks many of the important information needed, so the data still needs further verification. Final verification process is generally carried out in the fourth quarter of next year. At this time, GDP accounting needs and can collect various statistical information, accounting information and administrative data accounts are prepared. Compared with the previous step, it is the use of a more comprehensive and more detailed information, so the GDP data become more accurate. In addition, GDP data also need to go through a process of adjustment of historical data, that is, when found in or create new data sources, the new classification, a more accurate accounting method or a more reasonable accounting principles, historical data should be adjusted to the year of GDP are comparable, it is international practice. If the United States in 1929 to 1999 carried out 11 times to adjust the historical data. In short, GDP released each time period has its specific meaning and a specific value, not because the data released at different times, different problems suspected statistics. Of course, my system in the calculation of GDP, also has some shortcomings, such as the origin of our long-term use of the former Soviet Union and Eastern European countries born in the statistical accounting system, from the actual situation, many places have developed behind the times. Notes: 1 some time this year emphasized that the Such as used cars, second-hand housing is not so gross domestic product this year. 2, intermediate products can be considered as a raw material products, is used for the production of the final product, which means that during the year even after it is produced in the year to continue processing; if it is placed directly on the prices of goods sold and directly used by consumers to buy, that is another matter, is a special case, included in the total value, or can not be counted. 3, which is a flow concept, rather than a stock concept, is not this year, figures released by the total amount from the founding to the present, it is wrong, it refers only to the period of new production out of something. 4, means the market value of the currency as a unit to count with the formation of monetary aggregates, because too many types of goods, t, a, parts, sets, and so units can not increase the total, so with a currency unit for the year to statistics plus total. The unit of currency called the year is the year the price of these commodities. Indicators of a country's GDP growth sharply, reflecting the country's booming economy, national income increases, consumption also increases. In this case, the central bank will likely raise interest rates, tightening money supply, the state economy is doing well and interest rates rise will increase the attractiveness of the currency. Conversely, if a country's negative growth in GDP, indicating the economy is in recession, the spending power reduced. At this time, the central bank may cut interest rates again to stimulate economic growth, falling interest rates coupled with weak economic performance, the attractiveness of the country's currency also dropped. Therefore, in general, high economic growth rates will push up their currencies, and low economic growth rate will result in the currency exchange rate fell. For example, from 1995 - 1999, the United States the average annual growth rate of GDP of 4.1%, while the 11-nation euro zone, in addition to Ireland (9.0%) was higher, the French, German, Italian and other major countries, GDP growth was only 2.2 %, 1.5% and 1.2%, well below U.S. levels. This prompted the euro since January 1, 1999 inception, all the way down against the dollar, in less than two years, depreciated by 30%. But in fact, economic growth rate differences on the impact of exchange rate changes are manifold: First, a country of high economic growth rate,
cheap Nike air max shoes, mean income, raise the level of domestic demand, will increase the country's imports, leading to current account deficit This will lead to their exchange rates down. Second, if the country's economy is export-oriented economic growth is to produce more exports, the export growth will make up for the increase in imports, slowing the downward pressure on their currency. Third, a country of high economic growth rate means that labor productivity quickly, cost reduction, thus improving the competitive position of domestic products and help increase exports and curb imports; and high rate of economic growth makes the country's currency in the foreign exchange market was good, so the currency will rise. In the U.S., the GDP of the Ministry of Commerce statistics, estimation and statistical practice is a quarterly basis. Preliminary estimates released each time the data (the preliminary estimates), the amendments will be published twice (the first revision & the final revision), published in time for the major third week of each month. GDP is often used for comparison with the same period last year, if the increase represents the rapid economic, beneficial to the currency appreciation; such as the reduction, said the economic slowdown, the pressure to devalue its currency there. To the United States, gross domestic product growth of 3% can have is a satisfactory level of economic development that is healthy, higher than the level of inflationary pressure indicated; less than 1.5% growth that the economy is put on there are signs of easing into recession. Principles of GDP growth since the data is derived from the concept of the principle of exchange to generate wealth, then we in the pursuit of GDP, it must meet the basic conditions for this principle. The principle of the basic conditions: First, the exchange must be voluntary, and second, the exchange must be without prejudice to a third person, third, the exchange must be between two clear property rights actually occurred. Assumptions do not meet these three conditions, then the resulting GDP number would have compromised the accuracy of fear, or GDP, data would have flaws. Such as mandatory trade GDP, hinder other people's GDP, exports and create the GDP, investments in GDP, consumption, etc. will affect the GDP brings the total GDP, the effective accumulation. The following data table data historical data of China from the Chinese Bureau of Statistics database and the most authoritative of the three statistical agencies: the United Nations Statistics Division, International Monetary Fund, World Bank data from the three institutions was updated in October 2009: United Nations Database (1970-2008), the International Monetary Fund database (1980-2008), the World Bank database (1960-2008) 1952-1977 and per capita GDP of China's GDP data from China, China Statistics Bureau of China, China Statistical Bureau
Board
United Nations Statistics Division United Nations Statistics Division
year the World Bank, World Bank GDP (billion) per capita GDP (yuan)
GDP (billion U.S. dollars) per capita GDP (U.S. dollars)
GDP (billion U.S. dollars) per capita GDP (U.S. dollars)
GDP (billion U.S. dollars) per capita GDP (USD) 1952679 119
354 62
seem to lack
seem to lack 1953824 142
416 72
seem to lack
missing missing 1954859 144
308 52
seem to lack
seem to lack 1955911 150
285 47
seem to lack
seem to lack 19561029 166
277 45
seem to lack
seem to lack 19571069 168
435 68
seem to lack
seem to lack 19581308 200
532 81
seem to lack
seem to lack 19591440 216
586 88
seem to lack
seem to lack 19601457 218
592 89
seem to lack
614 92 1961 1221 185
496 75
seem to lack
501 76 1962 1151 173
468 70
seem to lack
465 70 1963 1236 181
503 74
seem to lack
503 74 1964 1456 208
592 85
seem to lack
586 84 1965 1717 240
698 98
seem to lack
697 97 1966 1873 255
761 104
seem to lack
759 103 1967 1780 236
724 96
seem to lack
721 95 1968 1730 223
703 91
missing lack
700 90 1969 1946 244
791 99
seem to lack
787 99 1970 2261 276
919 112
915 112
915 112 1971 2435 290
990 118
986 118
986 117 1972 2530 294
1130 131
1122 131
1122 130 19732733 310
1353 153
1368 156
1368 155 19742804 311
1524 169
1423 159
1423 158 19753013 329
1529 167
1612 177
1612 176 19762961 318
1575 169
1516 164
1516 163 19773221 341
1862 197
1723 183
1723 183 1978-2008 China's GDP and per capita GDP (production method) Source Bureau of Statistics of China China China China Statistics Bureau of Statistics
International Monetary Fund International Monetary Fund
year the World Bank, World Bank GDP (million) Per capita GDP (yuan)
GDP (billion U.S. dollars) per capita GDP (U.S. dollars)
GDP (billion U.S. dollars) per capita GDP (U.S. dollars)
GDP (billion dollars) per capita GDP (U.S. dollars) 19783645 381
2307 241
seem to lack
1482 155 19794063 419
2709 279
seem to lack
1766 182 19804546 463
2971 303
3093 313
1894 193 19814892 492
2795 281
2926 292
1941 195 19825323 528
2772 275
2813 277
2032 201 19835963 583
3012 294
3018 293
2285 223 19847208 695
2574 248
3107 298
2574 248 19859016 858
2818 268
3070 290
3067 292 198610275 963
2762 259
2976 277
2978 279 198712059 1112
3242 299
3240 296
2704 249 198815043 1366
4044 367
4041 364
3095 281 198916992 1519
3600 322
4513 400
3440 307 199018668 1644
3576 315
3903 341
3569 314 199121781 1893
4011 349
4092 353
3795 330 199226923 2311
4682 402
4882 417
4227 363 199335334 2998
6092 517
6132 517
4405 374 199448198 4044
5704 479
5592 467
5592 469 199560794 5046
7307 606
7279 601
7280 604 199671177 5846
8576 704
8560 699
8561 703 199778973 6420
9538 775
9526 771
9527 774 199884402 6796
10193 821
10195 817
10195 821 199989677 7159
10831 865
10833 861
10833 864 200099215 7858
11982 949
11985 946
11985 949 2001109655 8622
13243 1041
13248 1038
13248 1042 2002120333 9398
14533 1135
14538 1132
14538 1135 2003135823 10542
16404 1273
16410 1270
16410 1274 2004159878 12336
19309 1490
19316 1486
19316 1490 2005184937 14053
22703 1741
22358 1710
22359 1715 2006216314 16165
27135 2070
26578 2022
26579 2027 2007265810 19524
35247 2675
33824 2560
33823 2566 2008314045 23648
45200 3452
43274 3259
43262 3263 1978-2008 China's GDP and per capita GDP by expenditure approach from the Chinese Bureau of Statistics data Bureau of Statistics of China, China Statistics Bureau of China
United Nations Statistics Division United Nations Statistics Division Year GDP (billion) per capita GDP (yuan)
GDP (billion U.S. dollars) per capita GDP (U.S. dollars)
GDP ( billion U.S. dollars) per capita GDP (U.S. dollars) 19783606 377
2282 239
2142 224 19794093 422
2728 281
2632 272 19804593 468
3002 306
3065 312 19815009 504
2862 288
2939 296 19825590 554
2911 289
2954 293 19836216 608
3139 307
3146 309 19847363 710
2630 254
3174 307 19859077 864
2836 270
3091 295 198610509 985
2825 265
3043 286 198712277 1132
3300 304
3299 305 198815389 1397
4137 376
4134 377 198917311 1548
3668 328
4598 413 199019348 1704
3706 326
4045 358 199122577 1962
4158 361
4241 371 199227565 2366
4794 411
4999 432 199336938 3134
6369 540
6411 549 199450217 4213
5943 499
5827 494 199563217 5247
7598 631
7570 635 199674164 6091
8935 734
8920 741 199781659 6638
9862 802
9850 810 199886532 6967
10451 841
10452 852 199991125 7275
11005 879
11008 889 200098749 7821
11926 945
11928 956 2001108972 8568
13161 1035
13166 1047 2002120350 9399
14535 1135
14540 1149 2003136399 10587
16473 1279
16479 1293 2004160280 12367
19358 1494
19365 1510 2005188692 14473
23382 1793
23027 1785 2006221651 16907
28380 2165
27799 2142 2007263094 19963
36040 2735
34603 2650 200830686023106
44928 3383
43270 3292 2008 Mainland China's top economic zone twenty cities GDP (Unit: billion) (excluding the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Macao Special Administrative Region and Taiwan Province) 1 012, Beijing, Shanghai,
air max 90, Shanghai 1369810.4% 1048810.3% 821212.5% in Beijing, Guangzhou, Guangdong 013 014 025 Shenzhen, Guangdong, Suzhou City, 795012.3% 680013.3% 630015.4% Su-chun 017 016 Tianjin Chongqing 512,016.6% 018 Chongqing Zhejiang Hangzhou 497012.2% 448013.5% 019 Lu,
air max sale, Qingdao, Wuxi, 446013.1% SU 0110 0211 0312 Guangdong Foshan 445015.6% 396015.1% in Wuhan City, Hubei 0113 Ningbo Zhejiang 394011% 393013% 0214 SU 0315 Nanjing, Shenyang Liaoning 0116 388016.5% 0217 Dalian, Liaoning Province, Chengdu City 381017% 378510.4% 373014.1%, Dongguan City, Sichuan and Guangdong 0118 0419 0220 Yantai City, Shandong 363014% 355013.4% in Tangshan City of Hebei 01 world historical data
2008 GDP countries in the world map - the map from the data network
1970 World countries (regions) GDP GDP ranking (United Nations database data; Unit: billion; the exchange rate then) Soviet Union, a United States 102 502 43 343 20 894 Japan 20,305 France 14,706 Germany 12,377 Italy 10,938 United Kingdom 86,310 Canada, India, China 9159 61511 44312 Brazil, Australia 42,313 Spain 39,814 39,615 Sweden, Mexico, Poland 27,718 35,416 Belgium 26,419 35,417 Netherlands 23,120 Switzerland 2,291,975 Argentina World countries (regions) GDP GDP ranking (United Nations database data; Unit: billion; then exchange rate) 1 United States 162,402 Japan 49,794 Germany 47,485 68,603 Soviet Union Italy 21,948 United Kingdom 23,447 France 35,706 Canada 17,079 China 161 210 129 211 Spain 111 412 Australia, Brazil, India, 100 414 Mexico 98 115 Netherlands 107 013 Sweden 77,117 93,216 Switzerland 59,919 Belgium 64,818 48,520 Poland 4,791,980 Iran World countries (regions) GDP GDP ranking (United Nations database data; Unit: billion; then exchange rate) 1 United States 276,892 Japan 94,004 Germany 91,975 France 105,533 Soviet Union United Kingdom 53,727 Italy 45,988 69,126 30,659 Canada, China, Spain 226 012 268 910 Brazil 227 611 Mexico 207 713 170 316 Australia, India, Saudi Arabia 184 814 Netherlands 180 815 Belgium 125 219 164 517 Sweden 132 218 Switzerland 112 120 World Iran 9,131,985 countries (regions) GDP GDP ranking (United Nations database data; Unit: billion; then exchange rate) 1 United States 418 752 91 414 Japan 134 683 Soviet Union, Britain, Germany 70,895 45,697 Italy 43,578 France 54,316 Canada 35,579 India 226 511 China 309 110 Australia 178 314 Brazil 223 212 Mexico 196 713 175 515 Spain Netherlands 133 216 Sweden 106 617 Switzerland 100 719 South Korea 96 620 103 918 Saudi Arabia 9601990 Indonesia World countries (regions) GDP GDP ranking (United Nations database data; Unit: billion U.S. dollars; at exchange rate) 1 United States 575,722 Japan 301,833 Germany 171,444 153,305 France 124,446 Italy 113,357 Soviet Britain Canada, Russia 569 710 Spain 58 279 99 598 Brazil 478 612 520 911 326 814 Australia 319 115 China 404 513 India, South Korea 263 817 Mexico 262 718 Netherlands 294 916 Sweden 244 719 Switzerland 238 220 Belgium 20,271,995 World countries (regions) GDP GDP ranking (United Nations database data; Unit: billion U.S. dollars; at the exchange rate ) 1 United States 734,232 Japan 524,763 Germany 252,264 114,116 Italy 112,617 France 156,995 United Kingdom 75,709 Brazil 76,908 Spain 596 810 Canada 590 511 China, Korea, Netherlands 419 013 517 112 384 115 Australia, India, Russia 399 214 Switzerland 315 917 Mexico 286 218 369 216 284 319 Argentina 258 120 Sweden, Belgium 25372000 World countries (regions) GDP GDP ranking (United Nations database data; Unit: billion; then exchange rate) 1 United States 976,482 Japan 466,743 Germany 190,024 United Kingdom 145,095 France 132,806 119,287 Italy 109,738 Canada, China, Brazil 644 710 Mexico 580 811 72 499 Spain 580 712 South Korea 511 713 India 467 814 385 116 Argentina 284 317 Australia, Netherlands, Russia, 399615 Belgium, Sweden 245 620 Switzerland 249 919 259 718 23192005 World countries (regions) GDP GDP ranking (United Nations database data; Unit: billion; then exchange rate) 1 United States 1,237,612 279,144 China 230,275 Japan 455,223 Germany 213,647 United Kingdom 224,366 France 113,489 Italy 176,978 Spain 1,129,710 Canada Brazil, India, 808 912 882 011 Russia 764 415 South Korea 791 413 Mexico 767 214 738 816 Australia, Belgium, the Netherlands 632 917 Sweden 375 518 Switzerland 372 419 366 020 36262006 Turkey, countries in the world (area) GDP GDP ranking (United Nations database data; Unit: billion; then exchange rate) 1 United States 1,313,292 Japan China 277 385 437 603 United Kingdom 239 556 Germany 291 324 Italy 185 098 France 224 807 Spain 1,230,610 Brazil 1,072,511 Canada 127,509 984,912 India, Russia, South Korea 888 014 Mexico 839 515 910 613 787 916 Australia, Turkey, the Netherlands 670 317 Sweden 393 020 Switzerland 397 219 403 518 Belgium 38,782,007 World countries (regions) GDP GDP ranking (United Nations database data; Unit: billion; then exchange rate) 01 United States, China 13,776,502 Japan 4,379,603 3,400,404 Germany 3,317,405 United Kingdom 2,768,006 2,095,108 France 2,545,707 Italy 1,436,909 Spain, Brazil, Canada 1,425,810 1,314,211 1,141,313 Russia 1,289,612 India, South Korea 9568 Australia 945 715 14 Mexico 893 416 487 618 Netherlands 766 317 Sweden, Turkey, Belgium 454 620 454 819 43282008 Indonesia Global countries (regions) GDP (one hundred million U.S. dollars) (IMF2009 announced in October the database) Note
world ranking national GDP 609,174.77
EU 183877.85
001 U.S. 144414.25
002 Japanese 49106.92
003 Chinese 43274.48
004 36731.05
005 Germany, France 28669.51
006 United Kingdom Italy 23138.93 26800.00
007
008 Russian 16765.86
009 Spanish Brazil 15728.39 16019.64
010
estimated value of the Canada-ASEAN 15027.43
011 14995.51
012 12066.84
013 India, Mexico, Australia 10134.61 10881.28
014
015 Netherlands Korea 9291.24
016 8769.70
017 Polish Turkish 7299.83
018 5278.66
019 Indonesia 5117.65
020 Belgium 5061.83
2009 World countries (regions) GDP GDP ranking
EU European Union164755.80 one hundred million U.S. dollars 1 U.S. United States142563.00 billion U.S. dollars 2 billion 3 Japan Japan50653.58 China49847.31 million 4 China Germany Germany33602.13 one hundred million U.S. dollars one hundred million U.S. dollars 5 6 British United Kingdom27870.16 France France26602 Italy Italy21213.09 .32 billion U.S. dollars 7 billion U.S. dollars 8 Brazil Brazil15769.48 billion 9 billion 10 Spanish Spain14661.27 Canada13391.13 one hundred million U.S. dollars in Canada 11 Russia Russia12296.96 billion 12 billion 13 Indian India12250.62 Australia Australia 9863.82 billion 14 Mexico Mexico 8759.48 亿 美元 15, South Korea Korea, South 8328.83 亿 美元 16 亿 美元 Netherlands Netherlands 7953.26 Turkey 6176.11 亿 美元 17 Turkey Indonesia Indonesia 5418.54 亿 美元 18 19 Switzerland Switzerland4932.33 one hundred million U.S. dollars and exchange rate correlation between the GDP in 1970, Japan The GDP was 206.8 billion U.S. dollars in 1980 to 1.0279 trillion U.S. dollars, to 3.0222 trillion U.S. dollars in 1990, 4.7661 trillion U.S. dollars in 2000; 2005 was $ 4,663,800,000,000. At first glance, could not help but wonder, 1970-2000 30 years, the Japanese GDP actually turned 23 times the average annual increase of 11%; and from 2001 to 2005, despite the express train to catch the Chinese economy, annual economic growth 2%, but in dollar terms, the absolute value of Japan's GDP in dollar terms actually fell by 1,000 million. This is how the case? It turned out that all the fault of the exchange rate. In 1995, the Japanese yen against the dollar had reached a high of 78:1. Later, with the bursting of the bubble economy in Japan, the yen fell against the dollar 115-118:1 gradually returned and began to stabilize. So it was the beginning of the strange phenomenon of the article. The World Bank that the RMB exchange rate against the U.S. dollar parity 3.4:1 so the future there is still some room for appreciation of RMB. GDP and the GDP of a country bank interest rates increased substantially, reflecting the country's booming economy, national income increases, consumption also increases. In this case, the central bank will likely raise interest rates, tightening money supply, the state economy is doing well and interest rates rise will increase the attractiveness of the currency. Conversely, if a country's negative growth in GDP, indicating the economy is in recession, the spending power reduced. At this time the central bank may cut interest rates again to stimulate economic growth, falling interest rates coupled with weak economic performance, the attractiveness of the country's currency also reduced correspondingly. Therefore, in general, high economic growth rates will push up their currencies, and low economic growth rate will result in the currency exchange rate fell. Western countries are usually divided into the publication of GDP are published monthly and quarterly publication, which went quarterly GDP data released by the most important. In the U.S., the GDP of the Ministry of Commerce statistics, estimation and statistical practice is a quarterly basis. Each time the preliminary estimate published data (The Preliminary Estimates), the amendments will be published twice (The First Revision & The Final Revision), published in time for the major third week of each month. GDP is often used for comparison with the same period last year, if the increase represents the economy faster, enabling the appreciation of its currency; such as the reduction, said the economic slowdown, the pressure to devalue its currency there. To the United States, gross domestic product growth of 3% can have is a satisfactory level of economic development that is healthy, higher than the level of inflation pressure indicated; less than 1.5% growth,
Nike air max shoes, to show the economic slowdown and into recession. 2010 new meaning to engage site users, Chinese Pinyin is In China, the real estate industry is highly associated with the industry and the national economy, accounting for 6.6% of GDP. How a pile of GDP that the figures continue to create myth, is to rely on China's land, has entered the era of the concept has, of course, the sale of land on the planet ridiculous, and China's real estate is not formally the same as the kind of marketing to sell in real life, but also decent, ultra so-called registration, notarized. Culture, high-quality local officials, will understand our Guanosine diphosphate GDP (Guanosine diphosphate) guanosine diphosphate (Guanosine diphosphate, abbreviated GDP), also known as guanosine diphosphate, is a nucleotide composition is a pyrophosphate group, five-carbon sugar, and base guanine. GDP is guanosine triphosphate (GTP) through the product after dephosphorylation, the catalytic role of enzymes in this GTPase. Atlas Atlas entry for more extended reading: 1
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